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Figure 1.
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Monoaminergic CSF-c cells of chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish in relation to the organization of the hypothalamic ventricle. Schematic drawings of sagittal sections of chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish brains are shown in the top panels, and for each species, micrographs of the red squared areas are shown below (a–c for chicken, d–f for Xenopus, and g–i for zebrafish). DAPI staining (gray) delineates the recesses of the hypothalamic ventricle. Confocal images (Z-projection = 10 µm) with higher magnification obtained from the area depicted in (a) (dashed green square) show 5-HT+ CSF-c cells (green) aligned along the dorsal side of the hypothalamic recess (b; inset at higher magnification). TH immunoreactive cells (orange) are not observed within the PVO (arrowhead), but are abundant in the area dorsocaudal to it (c; asterisk). In the Xenopus sagittal section close to the midline, PVO (d; arrowhead) is observed at the anterior edge of the large ventricle (v). The PVO is visualized with 5-HT+ CSF-c cells (e; green; inset at higher magnification). TH immunoreactive cells (orange) are observed dorsal to the PVO (f; asterisk). In zebrafish, three CSF-c cell populations (locations indicated by arrowheads in g) are located around two hypothalamic recesses. The two anterior CSF-c cell populations are located in front of and around the lateral recess (LR), while the posterior population surrounds the posterior recess (PR). Higher magnification of the squared area in (g) is shown in (h) and (i) (Z-projection = 10 µm). CSF-c cells revealed by the expression of GFP in the enhancer trap transgenic line ETvmat2:GFP (vmat2-GFP; green inset) are lined along the ventricular zone (h). The white inset in (h) shows the 5-HT labeling in the same area (the image is taken from a different sample). TH immunoreactive cells (orange) are found dorsal to the LR (i; asterisk). D = dorsal; Die = diencephalon; Hyp = hypothalamus; LR = lateral recess; PR = posterior recess; PVO = paraventricular organ; R = rostral; v = ventricle. Scale bar = 200 µm in (a–g); 50 µm in (h, i) |
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Figure 6.
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Localization of th1, th2, and TH immunoreactivity in the PVO of Xenopus. Confocal images obtained from a frontal section of the Xenopus PVO are shown (Z projections = 10 µm). Counterstaining with DAPI (gray) shows that th2 (magenta) is expressed in the region corresponding to PVO (a). A cell population displaying strong th1 signal (green) is found dorsolaterally to the PVO (asterisks in b), which overlaps with TH immunoreactivity (orange; asterisks in c). Higher magnification of the area delimited by a dashed square in (c) is shown in (d–f). Faint TH immunoreactivity is also found in CSF-c cells in the Xenopus PVO. TH+ labeling is observed in the soma and in the processes bathing the ventricle of CSF-contacting cells (arrowheads in d–f). A few CSF-contacting cells expressing th2 are also TH immunoreactive (arrows in d–f). D = dorsal; L = lateral. Scale bar = 50 µm in (a) (applies to a, b, c); 100 µm in (d) (applies to d, e, f) |
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Figure 10.
Comparison of HuC/D immunoreactivity in the anterior PVO cell populations in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish. Frontal sections of the anterior PVO of chicken (a–e), Xenopus (f–j), and zebrafish (k–o) are shown. The HuC/D immunoreactivity (dark blue) is absent in the PVO, where monoaminergic CSF-c cells are located (dashed lines), in chicken (a–d), Xenopus (f–i), and zebrafish (k–n). The areas within dashed squares in (d), (i), and (n) are shown at higher magnification in (e), (j), and (o), respectively. TH2+/TPH1+ CSF-c cells (white in e; arrows) are not HuC/D+ (e; arrowheads) in the chicken PVO. In the Xenopus PVO as well, monoaminergic 5-HT+/TH+ CSF-c cells (j; arrows) are not immunolabeled by HuC/D, whereas TH+ adjacent to the PVO are HuC/D+ (j; arrowheads). Similarly, CSF-c cells that express GFP in the enhancer trap transgenic line ETvmat2:GFP (vmat2-GFP; cyan) are HuC/D- (n). HuC/D+ cells (o; arrowheads) are adjacent to vmat2-GFP cells (o; arrow) whose process bathes the ventricle (o; curved arrowhead). D = dorsal; L = lateral; v = ventricle. Scale bar = 50 µm in (a) (applies to a, b, c, d); 50 µm in (f) (applies to f, g, h, i); 50 µm in (k) (applies to k, l, m, n)
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