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Display additional annotations [+]
| Gene |
Clone |
Species |
Stages |
Anatomy |
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olfm1
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laevis
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NF stage 22
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spinal cord
,
trigeminal placode
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posterior neural tube
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neural tube
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olfm2
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laevis
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NF stage 22
to
NF stage 35 and 36
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olfactory placode
,
brain
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forebrain
,
midbrain
,
hindbrain
,
[+]
spinal cord
,
pineal gland
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eye
,
central nervous system
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trigeminal placode
,
posterior neural tube
,
cranial nerve
,
trigeminal nerve
,
facial nerve
,
glossopharyngeal nerve
,
vagus nerve
,
neural tube
,
olfactory bulb
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FIG. 3. Noelin-1 and -2 expression during development. Whole mount in situ hybridization with a probe to the Z exon reveals the distribution of Noelin-1 and Noelin-2 transcripts in the neural tube and cranial ganglia. All embryos are oriented with anterior to the right. A: Earliest expression is seen after neural tube closure in the spinal cord and trigeminal ganglia at stage 22. B: By stage 27 cells in the olfactory placodes and in the trigeminal (V) and geniculate (VII) ganglia are strongly reactive. Punctate staining is visible in the pineal gland and spinal cord. C: A stage 33 embryo shows increasing signal in the Vth and VIIth ganglia, olfactory pits, pineal gland and spinal cord. A population of cells in the retina is also positive for Noelin-1 and -2. D: By stage 35/36 the IXth and Xth ganglia are also positive for the transcripts. A small number of cells in the branchial arches express the Z exon (arrowhead). E-G: Dorsal views of embryos in A-C. E: Stage 22 embryo shows staining in the Vth ganglia and in the spinal cord. Transcripts are not detected in the brain at this stage. The black arrow marks the anterior extent of Noelin-1 and -2 signal in the neural tube. F: By stage 27, spinal cord staining extends into the brain and up to the level of the midbrain. The pineal gland and olfactory placodes are visible. G: At stage 33 the signal is increasingly intense in the cranial ganglia, spinal cord, and more rostrally into the forebrain. e, eye; hb, hindbrain; o, olfactory placode/pit; p, pineal gland; sc, spinal cord; V, trigeminal; VII, geniculate; IX, glossopharyngeal; X, vagal; asterisks mark the general position of otic vesicles. Brown color is due to melanocytes in the skin or retinal pigmented epithelium in the eye. |
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FIG. 6. DiI labeling of premigratory medial neural crest. Noelin-1 and -2 are expressed in the cranial ganglia. Transverse section through stage 33 embryos with neural crest cells labeled by focal injections of DiI in the neural folds at stage 17. Whole mount in situ hybridization was performed against the Z exon. A: Schematic diagram of a stage 17 embryo illustrating relative locations of lateral neural crest (pink), placode domain (blue) and the medial neural crest which were labeled with DiI (red dots, arrow). B: Bright field view of a stage 33 embryo section at the caudal eye level, showing Noelin-1 and -2 expression in the Vth ganglion. The cells marked by the arrow are not Noelin-1 or -2-positive. C: Fluorescent view of section in B, arrow marks DiI positive neural crest cells. D: Bright field view of a hindbrain level section including the VIIth ganglia. Ganglion cells express Noelin-1 and -2 (arrowhead), migrating neural crest cells do not (arrow). E: Fluorescent image of section in (D) shows DiI-positive cells surrounding, but not mixed within the ganglion. Arrow marks a cell that is DiI positive and Noelin negative; arrowhead marks a cell that is Noelin-1 and -2 positive and DiI negative. F: Overlay of the fluorescent image shows nonoverlapping DiI and Noelin-1 and -2 cells. In both embryos (B-C and D-F), DiI positive neural crest cells surround the condensing ganglia but do not appear to mix with the placodal cells at this stage. Analysis at later stages was not possible due to dilution of the DiI. e, eye; hb, hindbrain; mb, midbrain; V, Vth ganglion (trigeminal); VII, VIIth ganglion, (facial nerve and geniculate). |
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olfm1 & olfm2 (olfactomedin 1 and olfactomedin 2) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 33, as assayed by in situ hybridization. Lateral view: anterior right, dorsal up. |
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FIG. 4. Cranial expression of Noelin-1 and -2. 10mmsections through head regions of a stage 35 embryo similar to that in Fig. 3D, stained with a probe to the Z exon. A: A midbrain-region transverse section reveals Noelin-1 and -2-positive cells in the pineal gland and brain. Arrow points to the body of the gland, arrowhead denotes cells that are not positive for Noelin-1 or -2. B: A hindbrain section at the midotic vesicle level shows signal in the VIIIth ganglion (arrow) and faintly in the IXth ganglion (arrowhead) ventral to the otic vesicle. C: Parasagittal section through the eye, Vth and VIIth ganglia and the otic vesicle. The retinal ganglion cell layer also contains signal. D: A higher-power view of a transverse section through the eye reveals transcripts in the retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer, but not in the pigmented epithelium, photoreceptor layer, ciliary marginal zone or lens. E: A hindbrain section showing signal in the IXth ganglion. e, eye; hb, hindbrain; inl, inner nuclear layer; le, lens; mb, midbrain; rgc, retinal ganglion cell layer; V, trigeminal; VII, facial nerve and geniculate; VIII, facial-acoustic; IX, glossopharyngeal; asterisks denote otic vesicle; brown pigment is seen in melanocytes and retinal pigmented epithelium. |
