Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
EMBO J
1998 Jun 15;1712:3413-27. doi: 10.1093/emboj/17.12.3413.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Regulation of Hox gene expression and posterior development by the Xenopus caudal homologue Xcad3.
Isaacs HV
,
Pownall ME
,
Slack JM
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The caudal gene codes for a homeodomain transcription factor that is required for normal posterior development in Drosophila. In this study the biological activities of the Xenopus caudal (Cdx) family member Xcad3 are examined. A series of domain-swapping experiments demonstrate that the N-terminus of Xcad3 is necessary for it to activate Hox gene expression and that this function can be replaced by the activation domain from the viral protein VP16. In addition, experiments using an Xcad3 repressor mutant (XcadEn-R), which potently blocks the activity of wild-type Xcad3, are reported. Overexpression of XcadEn-R in embryos inhibits the activation of the same subset of Hox genes that are activated by wild-type Xcad3 and leads to a dramatic disruption of posterior development. We show that Xcad3 is an immediate early target of the FGF signalling pathway and that Xcad3 posteriorizes anterior neural tissue in a similar way to FGF. Furthermore, Xcad3 is required for the activation of Hox genes by FGFs. These data provide strong evidence that Xcad3 is required for normal posterior development and that it regulates the expression of the Hox genes downstream of FGF signalling.
Amaya,
FGF signalling in the early specification of mesoderm in Xenopus.
1993, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Amaya,
FGF signalling in the early specification of mesoderm in Xenopus.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ang,
A targeted mouse Otx2 mutation leads to severe defects in gastrulation and formation of axial mesoderm and to deletion of rostral brain.
1996,
Pubmed
Balak,
Neural cell adhesion molecule expression in Xenopus embryos.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Blum,
Gastrulation in the mouse: the role of the homeobox gene goosecoid.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Castelli-Gair,
Dissecting the temporal requirements for homeotic gene function.
1994,
Pubmed
Chawengsaksophak,
Homeosis and intestinal tumours in Cdx2 mutant mice.
1997,
Pubmed
Condie,
Posterior expression of a homeobox gene in early Xenopus embryos.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Conlon,
Inhibition of Xbra transcription activation causes defects in mesodermal patterning and reveals autoregulation of Xbra in dorsal mesoderm.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cox,
Caudalization of neural fate by tissue recombination and bFGF.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dick,
A PCR-based survey of homeobox genes in Ctenodrilus serratus (Annelida: Polychaeta).
1994,
Pubmed
Epstein,
Patterning of the embryo along the anterior-posterior axis: the role of the caudal genes.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gamer,
Murine Cdx-4 bears striking similarities to the Drosophila caudal gene in its homeodomain sequence and early expression pattern.
1993,
Pubmed
Godsave,
Expression patterns of Hoxb genes in the Xenopus embryo suggest roles in anteroposterior specification of the hindbrain and in dorsoventral patterning of the mesoderm.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Green,
Responses of embryonic Xenopus cells to activin and FGF are separated by multiple dose thresholds and correspond to distinct axes of the mesoderm.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hemmati-Brivanlou,
Region-specific neural induction of an engrailed protein by anterior notochord in Xenopus.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Horb,
A vegetally localized T-box transcription factor in Xenopus eggs specifies mesoderm and endoderm and is essential for embryonic mesoderm formation.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hunter,
Spatial and temporal controls target pal-1 blastomere-specification activity to a single blastomere lineage in C. elegans embryos.
1996,
Pubmed
Isaacs,
Expression of a novel FGF in the Xenopus embryo. A new candidate inducing factor for mesoderm formation and anteroposterior specification.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Isaacs,
eFGF regulates Xbra expression during Xenopus gastrulation.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kengaku,
bFGF as a possible morphogen for the anteroposterior axis of the central nervous system in Xenopus.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Krieg,
Functional messenger RNAs are produced by SP6 in vitro transcription of cloned cDNAs.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kuhn,
Analysis of the genes involved in organizing the tail segments of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.
1995,
Pubmed
Lamb,
Fibroblast growth factor is a direct neural inducer, which combined with noggin generates anterior-posterior neural pattern.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Macdonald,
A molecular gradient in early Drosophila embryos and its role in specifying the body pattern.
,
Pubmed
Marom,
The chicken caudal genes establish an anterior-posterior gradient by partially overlapping temporal and spatial patterns of expression.
1997,
Pubmed
Mlodzik,
Expression of the caudal gene in the germ line of Drosophila: formation of an RNA and protein gradient during early embryogenesis.
1987,
Pubmed
Mlodzik,
Effects of ectopic expression of caudal during Drosophila development.
1990,
Pubmed
Northrop,
Dorsal-ventral differences in Xcad-3 expression in response to FGF-mediated induction in Xenopus.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pannese,
The Xenopus homologue of Otx2 is a maternal homeobox gene that demarcates and specifies anterior body regions.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Papalopulu,
A posteriorising factor, retinoic acid, reveals that anteroposterior patterning controls the timing of neuronal differentiation in Xenopus neuroectoderm.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pownall,
eFGF, Xcad3 and Hox genes form a molecular pathway that establishes the anteroposterior axis in Xenopus.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pownall,
Two phases of Hox gene regulation during early Xenopus development.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rupp,
Xenopus embryos regulate the nuclear localization of XMyoD.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ryan,
Eomesodermin, a key early gene in Xenopus mesoderm differentiation.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schulte-Merker,
Mesoderm formation in response to Brachyury requires FGF signalling.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sharpe,
The induction of anterior and posterior neural genes in Xenopus laevis.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Slack,
Mechanism of anteroposterior axis specification in vertebrates. Lessons from the amphibians.
1992,
Pubmed
Smith,
Expression of a Xenopus homolog of Brachyury (T) is an immediate-early response to mesoderm induction.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
Expression cloning of noggin, a new dorsalizing factor localized to the Spemann organizer in Xenopus embryos.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Subramanian,
Disruption of the murine homeobox gene Cdx1 affects axial skeletal identities by altering the mesodermal expression domains of Hox genes.
1995,
Pubmed
Wallingford,
Inhibition of morphogenetic movement during Xenopus gastrulation by injected sulfatase: implications for anteroposterior and dorsoventral axis formation.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Waring,
Regulation of cellular responsiveness to inductive signals in the developing C. elegans nervous system.
1991,
Pubmed
Wright,
A Xenopus laevis gene encodes both homeobox-containing and homeobox-less transcripts.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Xu,
A maternal homeobox gene, Bombyx caudal, forms both mRNA and protein concentration gradients spanning anteroposterior axis during gastrulation.
1994,
Pubmed
