Pérez J , Kelley DB .

NS19949 NINDS NIH HHS

	Figure 1. Cell death in N. IX–X after 5 months of axotomy. A, Cresyl violet-stained cells in the intact N. IX–X of a non-gonadectomized male. B, In the axotomized N. IX–X, swollen (arrowheads) and pyknotic cells (arrow) are changes associated with prolonged axotomy. Scale bar, 50 mm.
	Figure 2. Total number of cells in N. IX–X 5 months after axotomy. A, Neuronal survival in N. IX–X of females and males 5 months after axotomy with or without DHT treatment (mean 6 SEM; n 5 4 animals/ group). Significantly (*p , 0.05) more cells were found in the axotomized N. IX–X of DHT-treated animals than in untreated gonadectomized animals. B, Number of cells (mean 6 SEM; n 5 4 animals/group) in the intact (white) and axotomized (black) N. IX–X of untreated and DHTtreated animals. In all groups, the number of cells in the axotomized N. IX–X was significantly smaller than in the intact side (*p , 0.05, **p , 0.01). C, Significantly more cells survived in the axotomized N. IX–X of non-gonadectomized males and DHT-treated males than in untreated gonadectomized males ( p , 0.05; n 5 4 animals/group).
	Figure 3. In situ hybridization signals with the AR probe in the brainstem of X. laevis 1 month after nerve section. A, Increases in in situ hybridization signals were found in the axotomized (a) N. IX–X as compared to the intact side (i). The intensity of hydridization in cells of the adjacent reticular formation (Re) or motor neurons of the spinal cord (SC) does not change after axotomy. The horizontal section at the level of the brainstem shows the root of the IX–X nerve (IX-Xn). B, A higher magnification of in situ hybridization signals in the axotomized N. IX–X of an untreated animal. Cells with unstained nucleus and cytoplasmic labeling (V) were counted, whereas cytoplasmic profiles were not (*). C, No hybridization was observed with sense probe. The horizontal section at the level of the brainstem and spinal cord (SC) shows the root of the IX–X nerve (IX-Xn). Scale bars: A, C, 180 mm; B, 25 mm.
	Figure 4. Number of AR mRNA-expressing cells (mean 6 SEM; n 5 number of animals within histogram bars) in the intact (white) and axotomized (black) N. IX–X of untreated and DHT-treated animals 1 month after axotomy. Asterisks indicate significant differences between intact and axotomized sides (*p , 0.05, **p , 0.01). Brackets with significance information show differences between untreated and DHT-treated groups. In untreated animals, more AR mRNA-expressing cells were found in the axotomized side than in the intact side. The number of AR mRNA-expressing cells was significantly higher in both intact and axotomized sides of DHT-treated juveniles than the respective sides of untreated juveniles. The number of AR mRNA-expressing cells in the intact side of DHT-treated males was significantly higher than in untreated males.
	Figure 5. Cell proliferation in the CNS of juvenile frogs. A, Bromodeoxyuridine labeling was found in cells of the ependymal layer of the lateral ventricle (LV) within the telencephalon and in cells in the ventral striatum (vSt) and septum (Sep; arrowheads). 3V, Third ventricle. B, A higher magnification of bromodeoxyuride-labeled cell nuclei in the ventral striatum. C, In the same animals, after DHT treatment for 1 month, N. IX–X was back-labeled with HRP (arrow). D, A higher magnification of C shows no bromodeoxyuridine labeling in HRP-back-labeled motor neurons of N. IX–X. Scale bars: A, C, 140 mm; B, 10 mm; D, 10.7 mm.
	Figure 6. Hybridization of the AR probe to cells in the brainstem of an untreated male (A) and a DHT-treated male (B) 5 months after axotomy. In untreated animals, fewer AR mRNA-expressing cells were present in the axotomized N. IX–X (a) than in the intact side (i). DHT-treated animals had significantly more AR mRNA-expressing cells in the axotomized side than did untreated animals. Scale bar, 75 mm.
	Figure 7. AR mRNA-expressing cells 5 months after axotomy. A, DHT treatment resulted in significantly more AR mRNA-expressing cells in the axotomized N. IX–X than were seen in untreated animals (mean 6 SEM; n 5 3 animals/group). B, Number of AR mRNA-expressing cells in N. IX–X of untreated and DHT-treated animals (mean 6 SEM; n 5 3 animals/group). Asterisks represent significant differences between intact and axotomized sides (*p , 0.05; **p , 0.01). Axotomy for 5 months caused significant decrease in number of AR mRNA-expressing cells in the axotomized N. IX–X of untreated males and females and DHT-treated males.

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