Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Nature
2007 Feb 01;4457127:554-8. doi: 10.1038/nature05503.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
bicoid RNA localization requires specific binding of an endosomal sorting complex.
Irion U
,
St Johnston D
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
bicoid messenger RNA localizes to the anterior of the Drosophila egg, where it is translated to form a morphogen gradient of Bicoid protein that patterns the head and thorax of the embryo. Although bicoid was the first localized cytoplasmic determinant to be identified, little is known about how the mRNA is coupled to the microtubule-dependent transport pathway that targets it to the anterior, and it has been proposed that the mRNA is recognized by a complex of many redundant proteins, each of which binds to the localization element in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) with little or no specificity. Indeed, the only known RNA-binding protein that co-localizes with bicoid mRNA is Staufen, which binds non-specifically to double-stranded RNA in vitro. Here we show that mutants in all subunits of the ESCRT-II complex (VPS22, VPS25 and VPS36) abolish the final Staufen-dependent step in bicoid mRNA localization. ESCRT-II is a highly conserved component of the pathway that sorts ubiquitinated endosomal proteins into internal vesicles, and functions as a tumour-suppressor by removing activated receptors from the cytoplasm. However, the role of ESCRT-II in bicoid localization seems to be independent of endosomal sorting, because mutations in ESCRT-I and III components do not affect the targeting of bicoid mRNA. Instead, VPS36 functions by binding directly and specifically to stem-loop V of the bicoid 3' UTR through its amino-terminal GLUE domain, making it the first example of a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that recognizes the bicoid localization signal. Furthermore, VPS36 localizes to the anterior of the oocyte in a bicoid-mRNA-dependent manner, and is required for the subsequent recruitment of Staufen to the bicoid complex. This function of ESCRT-II as an RNA-binding complex is conserved in vertebrates and may clarify some of its roles that are independent of endosomal sorting.
Arn,
Recognition of a bicoid mRNA localization signal by a protein complex containing Swallow, Nod, and RNA binding proteins.
2003, Pubmed
Arn,
Recognition of a bicoid mRNA localization signal by a protein complex containing Swallow, Nod, and RNA binding proteins.
2003,
Pubmed
Babst,
A protein's final ESCRT.
2005,
Pubmed
Babst,
Endosome-associated complex, ESCRT-II, recruits transport machinery for protein sorting at the multivesicular body.
2002,
Pubmed
Berleth,
The role of localization of bicoid RNA in organizing the anterior pattern of the Drosophila embryo.
1988,
Pubmed
Driever,
The bicoid protein determines position in the Drosophila embryo in a concentration-dependent manner.
1988,
Pubmed
Driever,
A gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos.
1988,
Pubmed
Ferrandon,
Staufen protein associates with the 3'UTR of bicoid mRNA to form particles that move in a microtubule-dependent manner.
1994,
Pubmed
Jin,
The fission yeast homolog of the human transcription factor EAP30 blocks meiotic spindle pole body amplification.
2005,
Pubmed
Kamura,
Cloning and characterization of ELL-associated proteins EAP45 and EAP20. a role for yeast EAP-like proteins in regulation of gene expression by glucose.
2001,
Pubmed
Macdonald,
RNA regulatory element BLE1 directs the early steps of bicoid mRNA localization.
1993,
Pubmed
Macdonald,
Protein encoded by the exuperantia gene is concentrated at sites of bicoid mRNA accumulation in Drosophila nurse cells but not in oocytes or embryos.
1991,
Pubmed
Martin,
The identification of novel genes required for Drosophila anteroposterior axis formation in a germline clone screen using GFP-Staufen.
2003,
Pubmed
Micklem,
Distinct roles of two conserved Staufen domains in oskar mRNA localization and translation.
2000,
Pubmed
Moberg,
Mutations in erupted, the Drosophila ortholog of mammalian tumor susceptibility gene 101, elicit non-cell-autonomous overgrowth.
2005,
Pubmed
Moon,
The Drosophila microtubule-associated protein mini spindles is required for cytoplasmic microtubules in oogenesis.
2004,
Pubmed
Putz,
A tri-hybrid system for the analysis and detection of RNA--protein interactions.
1996,
Pubmed
Ramos,
RNA recognition by a Staufen double-stranded RNA-binding domain.
2000,
Pubmed
Rusten,
Developmental biology: moonlighting at the pole.
2007,
Pubmed
Schmidt,
Cloning and characterization of the EAP30 subunit of the ELL complex that confers derepression of transcription by RNA polymerase II.
1999,
Pubmed
St Johnston,
Staufen, a gene required to localize maternal RNAs in the Drosophila egg.
1991,
Pubmed
St Johnston,
Multiple steps in the localization of bicoid RNA to the anterior pole of the Drosophila oocyte.
1989,
Pubmed
Teo,
ESCRT-I core and ESCRT-II GLUE domain structures reveal role for GLUE in linking to ESCRT-I and membranes.
2006,
Pubmed
Teo,
ESCRT-II, an endosome-associated complex required for protein sorting: crystal structure and interactions with ESCRT-III and membranes.
2004,
Pubmed
Theurkauf,
In vivo analyses of cytoplasmic transport and cytoskeletal organization during Drosophila oogenesis: characterization of a multi-step anterior localization pathway.
1998,
Pubmed
Thompson,
Tumor suppressor properties of the ESCRT-II complex component Vps25 in Drosophila.
2005,
Pubmed
Vaccari,
The Drosophila tumor suppressor vps25 prevents nonautonomous overproliferation by regulating notch trafficking.
2005,
Pubmed
Vogt,
The gammaTuRC components Grip75 and Grip128 have an essential microtubule-anchoring function in the Drosophila germline.
2006,
Pubmed
Weil,
Localization of bicoid mRNA in late oocytes is maintained by continual active transport.
2006,
Pubmed
Wilhelm,
Isolation of a ribonucleoprotein complex involved in mRNA localization in Drosophila oocytes.
2000,
Pubmed
