Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
During Xenopus laevis neurulation, neural ectodermal cells of the spinal cord are patterned at the same time that they intercalate mediolaterally and radially, moving within and between two cell layers. Curious if these rearrangements disrupt early cell identities, we lineage-traced cells in each layer from neural plate stages to the closed neural tube, and used in situ hybridization to assay gene expression in the moving cells. Our biotin and fluorescent labeling of deep and superficial cells reveals that mediolateral intercalation does not disrupt cell cohorts; in other words, it is conservative. However, outside the midline notoplate, later radial intercalation does displace superficial cells dorsoventrally, radically disrupting cell cohorts. The tube roof is composed almost exclusively of superficial cells, including some displaced from ventral positions; gene expression in these displaced cells must now be surveyed further. Superficial cells also flank the tube's floor, which is, itself, almost exclusively composed of deep cells. Our data provide: (1) a fate map of superficial- and deep-cell positions within the Xenopus neural tube, (2) the paths taken to these positions, and (3) preliminary evidence of re-patterning in cells carried out of one environment and into another, during neural morphogenesis.
Fig. 6. Representative confocal, transverse optical sections of a neural tube containing a rhodamine-labeled superficial-ectodermal implant and
fluorescent label for Xenopus Pax3 gene expression. Single-layer, superficial cell grafts were placed in the neural plates of 7 hosts at stage 11.5,
and embryos grown to stage 23, before Pax3 gene expression was detected using RNA in situ hybridization (Davidson and Keller, 1999). Fluorescein
visualization reveals Pax3 RNA within rhodamine-containing superficial cells en route to the dorsal neural tube.
Alvarez,
Patterns of neurepithelial cell rearrangement during avian neurulation are determined prior to notochordal inductive interactions.
1991, Pubmed
Alvarez,
Patterns of neurepithelial cell rearrangement during avian neurulation are determined prior to notochordal inductive interactions.
1991,
Pubmed
Briscoe,
A homeodomain protein code specifies progenitor cell identity and neuronal fate in the ventral neural tube.
2000,
Pubmed
Chalmers,
Oriented cell divisions asymmetrically segregate aPKC and generate cell fate diversity in the early Xenopus embryo.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chalmers,
aPKC, Crumbs3 and Lgl2 control apicobasal polarity in early vertebrate development.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chalmers,
Grainyhead-like 3, a transcription factor identified in a microarray screen, promotes the specification of the superficial layer of the embryonic epidermis.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chalmers,
Intrinsic differences between the superficial and deep layers of the Xenopus ectoderm control primary neuronal differentiation.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chapman,
Analysis of spatial and temporal gene expression patterns in blastula and gastrula stage chick embryos.
2002,
Pubmed
Chitnis,
Primary neurogenesis in Xenopus embryos regulated by a homologue of the Drosophila neurogenic gene Delta.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ciruna,
Planar cell polarity signalling couples cell division and morphogenesis during neurulation.
2006,
Pubmed
Davidson,
Neural tube closure in Xenopus laevis involves medial migration, directed protrusive activity, cell intercalation and convergent extension.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Davidson,
Assembly and remodeling of the fibrillar fibronectin extracellular matrix during gastrulation and neurulation in Xenopus laevis.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dodd,
The when and where of floor plate induction.
1998,
Pubmed
Dollar,
Regulation of Lethal giant larvae by Dishevelled.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Elul,
Cellular mechanism underlying neural convergent extension in Xenopus laevis embryos.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Elul,
Patterning of morphogenetic cell behaviors in neural ectoderm of Xenopus laevis.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Elul,
Monopolar protrusive activity: a new morphogenic cell behavior in the neural plate dependent on vertical interactions with the mesoderm in Xenopus.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Espeseth,
Xenopus F-cadherin, a novel member of the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules, is expressed at boundaries in the neural tube.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Espeseth,
The role of F-cadherin in localizing cells during neural tube formation in Xenopus embryos.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ezin,
The midline (notochord and notoplate) patterns the cell motility underlying convergence and extension of the Xenopus neural plate.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Franklin,
Ventral neural cadherin, a novel cadherin expressed in a subset of neural tissues in the zebrafish embryo.
1996,
Pubmed
Goodrich,
Overexpression of ptc1 inhibits induction of Shh target genes and prevents normal patterning in the neural tube.
1999,
Pubmed
Goulding,
Pax-3, a novel murine DNA binding protein expressed during early neurogenesis.
1991,
Pubmed
Haas,
Chemokine signaling mediates self-organizing tissue migration in the zebrafish lateral line.
2006,
Pubmed
Harland,
In situ hybridization: an improved whole-mount method for Xenopus embryos.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Harrington,
Comparative analysis of neurulation: first impressions do not count.
2009,
Pubmed
Hartenstein,
Early neurogenesis in Xenopus: the spatio-temporal pattern of proliferation and cell lineages in the embryonic spinal cord.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jacobson,
Changes in the shape of the developing vertebrate nervous system analyzed experimentally, mathematically and by computer simulation.
1976,
Pubmed
Jacobson,
Tissue boundaries and cell behavior during neurulation.
1995,
Pubmed
Keller,
The function and mechanism of convergent extension during gastrulation of Xenopus laevis.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Keller,
The cellular basis of the convergence and extension of the Xenopus neural plate.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Keller,
The patterning and functioning of protrusive activity during convergence and extension of the Xenopus organiser.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kennedy,
Netrins are diffusible chemotropic factors for commissural axons in the embryonic spinal cord.
1994,
Pubmed
Kimmel,
Cell cycles and clonal strings during formation of the zebrafish central nervous system.
1994,
Pubmed
Klar,
F-spondin: a gene expressed at high levels in the floor plate encodes a secreted protein that promotes neural cell adhesion and neurite extension.
1992,
Pubmed
Koshida,
Inhibition of BMP activity by the FGF signal promotes posterior neural development in zebrafish.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kudoh,
Combinatorial Fgf and Bmp signalling patterns the gastrula ectoderm into prospective neural and epidermal domains.
2004,
Pubmed
Kudoh,
Distinct roles for Fgf, Wnt and retinoic acid in posteriorizing the neural ectoderm.
2002,
Pubmed
Lallier,
Integrin alpha 6 expression is required for early nervous system development in Xenopus laevis.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mayor,
Induction of the prospective neural crest of Xenopus.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
McGrew,
Analysis of Xwnt-4 in embryos of Xenopus laevis: a Wnt family member expressed in the brain and floor plate.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
McGrew,
Wnt and FGF pathways cooperatively pattern anteroposterior neural ectoderm in Xenopus.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Minsuk,
Dorsal mesoderm has a dual origin and forms by a novel mechanism in Hymenochirus, a relative of Xenopus.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Molyneaux,
Primordial germ cell migration.
2004,
Pubmed
Ninomiya,
Epithelial coating controls mesenchymal shape change through tissue-positioning effects and reduction of surface-minimizing tension.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nittenberg,
Cell movements, neuronal organisation and gene expression in hindbrains lacking morphological boundaries.
1997,
Pubmed
Odenthal,
Two distinct cell populations in the floor plate of the zebrafish are induced by different pathways.
2000,
Pubmed
Peyrot,
A revised model of Xenopus dorsal midline development: differential and separable requirements for Notch and Shh signaling.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Placzek,
Control of dorsoventral pattern in vertebrate neural development: induction and polarizing properties of the floor plate.
1991,
Pubmed
Poznanski,
Epithelial cell wedging and neural trough formation are induced planarly in Xenopus, without persistent vertical interactions with mesoderm.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Roelink,
Floor plate and motor neuron induction by vhh-1, a vertebrate homolog of hedgehog expressed by the notochord.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ruiz i Altaba,
Combinatorial Gli gene function in floor plate and neuronal inductions by Sonic hedgehog.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rørth,
Collective guidance of collective cell migration.
2007,
Pubmed
Sabherwal,
The apicobasal polarity kinase aPKC functions as a nuclear determinant and regulates cell proliferation and fate during Xenopus primary neurogenesis.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schoenwolf,
Ultrastructure of secondary neurulation in the chick embryo.
1980,
Pubmed
Schoenwolf,
Histological and ultrastructural studies of secondary neurulation in mouse embryos.
1984,
Pubmed
Schoenwolf,
Roles of neuroepithelial cell rearrangement and division in shaping of the avian neural plate.
1989,
Pubmed
Schroeder,
Neurulation in Xenopus laevis. An analysis and model based upon light and electron microscopy.
1970,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shih,
Cell motility driving mediolateral intercalation in explants of Xenopus laevis.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shih,
Patterns of cell motility in the organizer and dorsal mesoderm of Xenopus laevis.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shimokita,
Secondary neurulation: Fate-mapping and gene manipulation of the neural tube in tail bud.
2011,
Pubmed
Skoglund,
Xenopus fibrillin is expressed in the organizer and is the earliest component of matrix at the developing notochord-somite boundary.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
Prospective fate map of the mouse primitive streak at 7.5 days of gestation.
1994,
Pubmed
Solnica-Krezel,
Conserved patterns of cell movements during vertebrate gastrulation.
2005,
Pubmed
Tanabe,
Diversity and pattern in the developing spinal cord.
1996,
Pubmed
Tawk,
A mirror-symmetric cell division that orchestrates neuroepithelial morphogenesis.
2007,
Pubmed
Teillet,
The relationships between notochord and floor plate in vertebrate development revisited.
1998,
Pubmed
Trainor,
Specification of neural crest cell formation and migration in mouse embryos.
2005,
Pubmed
Tremblay,
Inhibition of floor plate differentiation by Pax3: evidence from ectopic expression in transgenic mice.
1996,
Pubmed
Voiculescu,
The amniote primitive streak is defined by epithelial cell intercalation before gastrulation.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wallingford,
Xenopus Dishevelled signaling regulates both neural and mesodermal convergent extension: parallel forces elongating the body axis.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wallingford,
Neural tube closure requires Dishevelled-dependent convergent extension of the midline.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wilson,
The mechanisms of dorsoventral patterning in the vertebrate neural tube.
2005,
Pubmed
Ybot-Gonzalez,
Convergent extension, planar-cell-polarity signalling and initiation of mouse neural tube closure.
2007,
Pubmed
Yen,
PTK7 is essential for polarized cell motility and convergent extension during mouse gastrulation.
2009,
Pubmed
Yuan,
The mouse SLIT family: secreted ligands for ROBO expressed in patterns that suggest a role in morphogenesis and axon guidance.
1999,
Pubmed
Zimmerman,
XASH-3, a novel Xenopus achaete-scute homolog, provides an early marker of planar neural induction and position along the mediolateral axis of the neural plate.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
