XB-ART-50376
Dev Biol
2015 Dec 15;4082:180-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.02.003.
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An oncologist׳s friend: How Xenopus contributes to cancer research.
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One of the most striking features of the Xenopus system is the versatility in providing a unique range of both in vitro and in vivo models that are rapid, accessible and easily manipulated. Here we present an overview of the diverse contribution that Xenopus has made to advance our understanding of tumour biology and behaviour; a contribution that goes beyond the traditional view of Xenopus as a developmental model organism. From the utility of the egg and oocyte extract system to the use of whole embryos as developmental or induced tumour models, the Xenopus system has been fundamental to investigation of cell cycle mechanisms, cell metabolism, cell signalling and cell behaviour, and has allowed an increasing appreciation of the parallels between early development and the pathogenesis of tumour progression and metastasis. Although not the prototypical oncological model system, we propose that Xenopus is an adaptable and multifunctional tool in the oncologist׳s arsenal.
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G0500101 Medical Research Council , G0700758 Medical Research Council , MRC_G0500101 Medical Research Council , MRC_G0700758 Medical Research Council
Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: ctnnb1 tubb2b
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Phenotypes: Xla Wt + ctnnb1 (fig.1.b)
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Fig. 1. (A) A secondary axis can be induced in developing Xenopus embryos by injection of RNA encoding β-catenin into a ventral cell of 4-cell stage embryos. Ventral cells are usually distinguished by their larger size and darker pigment compared to dorsal cells. For detailed methods see ( Kuhl and Pandur, 2008a). (B) The duplicated axis is visible in neurula stage embryos within 2 days of injection. Embryos in these images have undergone in situ hybridisation for neural-β-tubulin to illustrate the bilateral stripes of primary neurons and trigeminal ganglia. Embryos can be exposed to a range of compounds during development to assay for ability of the compound to inhibit axis duplication. Alternatively, RNA encoding proteins of interest can be injected into the ventral cells to assay for ability of the protein to induce a secondary axis. |
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