XB-ART-50587
Microbiol Spectr
2015 Apr 01;32:MDNA3-0004-2014. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MDNA3-0004-2014.
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P Transposable Elements in Drosophila and other Eukaryotic Organisms.
Majumdar S
,
Rio DC
.
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P transposable elements were discovered in Drosophila as the causative agents of a syndrome of genetic traits called hybrid dysgenesis. Hybrid dysgenesis exhibits a unique pattern of maternal inheritance linked to the germline-specific small RNA piwi-interacting (piRNA) pathway. The use of P transposable elements as vectors for gene transfer and as genetic tools revolutionized the field of Drosophila molecular genetics. P element transposons have served as a useful model to investigate mechanisms of cut-and-paste transposition in eukaryotes. Biochemical studies have revealed new and unexpected insights into how eukaryotic DNA-based transposons are mobilized. For example, the P element transposase makes unusual 17nt-3' extended double-strand DNA breaks at the transposon termini and uses guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a cofactor to promote synapsis of the two transposon ends early in the transposition pathway. The N-terminal DNA binding domain of the P element transposase, called a THAP domain, contains a C2CH zinc-coordinating motif and is the founding member of a large family of animal-specific site-specific DNA binding proteins. Over the past decade genome sequencing efforts have revealed the presence of P element-like transposable elements or P element transposase-like genes (called THAP9) in many eukaryotic genomes, including vertebrates, such as primates including humans, zebrafish and Xenopus, as well as the human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, the sea squirt Ciona, sea urchin and hydra. Surprisingly, the human and zebrafish P element transposase-related THAP9 genes promote transposition of the Drosophila P element transposon DNA in human and Drosophila cells, indicating that the THAP9 genes encode active P element "transposase" proteins.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 26104714
???displayArticle.pmcLink??? PMC4399808
???displayArticle.link??? Microbiol Spectr
???displayArticle.grants??? [+]
R01 GM104385 NIGMS NIH HHS , R01 GM097352 NIGMS NIH HHS , R01 GM048862 NIGMS NIH HHS , R35 GM118121 NIGMS NIH HHS , R01 GM061987 NIGMS NIH HHS
Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: piwil1 thap9
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