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PLoS One
2015 Jan 01;1012:e0145412. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145412.
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Effects of Transgenic cry1Ca Rice on the Development of Xenopus laevis.
Chen X
,
Wang J
,
Zhu H
,
Li Y
,
Ding J
,
Peng Y
.
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In fields of genetically modified, insect-resistant rice expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins, frogs are exposed to Bt Cry proteins by consuming both target and non-target insects, and through their highly permeable skin. In the present study, we assessed the potential risk posed by transgenic cry1Ca rice (T1C-19) on the development of a frog species by adding purified Cry1Ca protein or T1C-19 rice straw into the rearing water of Xenopus laevis tadpoles, and by feeding X. laevis froglets diets containing rice grains of T1C-19 or its non-transformed counterpart MH63. Our results showed that there were no significant differences among groups receiving 100 μg L-1 or 10 μg L-1 Cry1Ca and the blank control in terms of time to completed metamorphosis, survival rate, body weight, body length, organ weight and liver enzyme activity after being exposed to the Cry1Ca (P > 0.05). Although some detection indices in the rice straw groups were significantly different from those of the blank control group (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference between the T1C-19 and MH63 rice straw groups. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the mortality rate, body weight, daily weight gain, liver and fat body weight of the froglets between the T1C-19 and MH63 dietary groups after 90 days, and there were no abnormal pathological changes in the stomach, intestines, livers, spleens and gonads. Thus, we conclude that the planting of transgenic cry1Ca rice will not adversely affect frog development.
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26695426
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Fig 1. The time to completed metamorphosis (TCM) curves of Xenopus laevis tadpoles exposed to purified Cry1Ca and transgenic cry1Ca rice (T1C-19) straw.
Control: blank control; 1C-10: 10 μg L–1 Cry1Ca protein; 1C-100: 100 μg L–1 Cry1Ca protein; MH63: MH63 rice straw;
Fig 2. The growth curves of Xenopus laevis froglets (body weight) when fed diets containing transgenic cry1Ca rice (T1C-19) or non-transformed rice isoline (MH63) grains, or a blank control diet for 90 days (n = 4).
Fig 3. Histopathological staining of tissues from Xenopus laevis froglets after consuming the transgenic cry1Ca rice (T1C-19) test diet (a), the non-transformed isoline (MH63) test diet (b), or the blank control diet (c) for 90 days.
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