Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Sci Rep
2020 Jun 09;101:9328. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66322-0.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
9.4 MHz A-line rate optical coherence tomography at 1300 nm using a wavelength-swept laser based on stretched-pulse active mode-locking.
Kim TS
,
Joo J
,
Shin I
,
Shin P
,
Kang WJ
,
Vakoc BJ
,
Oh WY
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
In optical coherence tomography (OCT), high-speed systems based at 1300 nm are among the most broadly used. Here, we present 9.4 MHz A-line rate OCT system at 1300 nm. A wavelength-swept laser based on stretched-pulse active mode locking (SPML) provides a continuous and linear-in-wavenumber sweep from 1240 nm to 1340 nm, and the OCT system using this light source provides a sensitivity of 98 dB and a single-sided 6-dB roll-off depth of 2.5 mm. We present new capabilities of the 9.4 MHz SPML-OCT system in three microscopy applications. First, we demonstrate high quality OCTA imaging at a rate of 1.3 volumes/s. Second, by utilizing its inherent phase stable characteristics, we present wide dynamic range en face Doppler OCT imaging with multiple time intervals ranging from 0.25 ms to 2.0 ms at a rate of 0.53 volumes/s. Third, we demonstrate video-rate 4D microscopic imaging of a beating Xenopus embryoheart at a rate of 30 volumes/s. This high-speed and high-performance OCT system centered at 1300 nm suggests that it can be one of the most promising high-speed OCT platforms enabling a wide range of new scientific research, industrial, and clinical applications at speeds of 10 MHz.
Figure 1. SPML laser design and performance. (a) Schematic of the SPML laser at 1300 nm. IM, intensity modulator; PG, pulse generator; PC, Polarization controller; CFBG, chirped fiber Bragg grating; SOA, semiconductor optical amplifier; FRM, Faraday rotating mirror; DL, delay line. (b) Laser trace. (c) Optical spectrum. (d) Unwrapped fringe phase measured with a partial reflector in the sample arm (Inset: Deviation of fringe phase from a linear fit). (e) Relative group delay over a single cavity roundtrip. (f) Measured RIN.
Figure 2. OCT system configuration. (a) Configuration of the OCT system. (b) A schematic of the sample arm optics for OCTA and Doppler OCT imaging of a rat brain. (c) A schematic of the sample arm optics for video-rate 3D OCT imaging of a beating Xenopus embryoheart.
Figure 3. A depth-projected en face OCTA image of a rat brain with depth encoded in color acquired at 1.3 OCTA volumes per second. Scale bar: 250 μm.
Figure 4. Wide dynamic range Doppler OCT imaging of a rat brain. En face projections of the axial blood flow speed in (a) linear scale and (b) logarithmic scale. En face projections of the magnitude of the axial blood flow speed in (c) linear scale and (d) logarithmic scale. (e) En face projections of the axial blood flow speed and the magnitude of the axial blood flow speed obtained with a single time interval of 0.25 ms. (f) An en face projection of the mean complex decorrelation obtained with the same six time intervals used in the wide dynamic range Doppler OCT. Scale bar: 250 μm.
Figure 5. Video-rate 3D OCT imaging of a beating Xenopus embryoheart. 3D volume rendered (a) coronal, (b) axial, and (c) sagittal views of the embryoheart. v, ventricle; t, truncus arteriosus; a, atrium; arrows, blood cells; arrow heads, spiral valves; circles, aortic arches; star, atrioventricular valve. Scale bar: 100 μm. Real time videos are provided in Supplement.
Figure 6. Data processing schema for the SPML-based OCT system.
Biedermann,
Dispersion, coherence and noise of Fourier domain mode locked lasers.
2009, Pubmed
Biedermann,
Dispersion, coherence and noise of Fourier domain mode locked lasers.
2009,
Pubmed
Blatter,
Ultrahigh-speed non-invasive widefield angiography.
2012,
Pubmed
Bonesi,
Akinetic all-semiconductor programmable swept-source at 1550 nm and 1310 nm with centimeters coherence length.
2014,
Pubmed
Bonin,
In vivo Fourier-domain full-field OCT of the human retina with 1.5 million A-lines/s.
2010,
Pubmed
Braaf,
Angiography of the retina and the choroid with phase-resolved OCT using interval-optimized backstitched B-scans.
2012,
Pubmed
Burny,
Human immunodeficiency virus cell entry: new insights into the fusion mechanism.
1989,
Pubmed
Carrasco-Zevallos,
Live volumetric (4D) visualization and guidance of in vivo human ophthalmic surgery with intraoperative optical coherence tomography.
2016,
Pubmed
Cho,
High frame-rate intravascular optical frequency-domain imaging in vivo.
2013,
Pubmed
Choma,
Swept source optical coherence tomography using an all-fiber 1300-nm ring laser source.
2005,
Pubmed
Choma,
Sensitivity advantage of swept source and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography.
2003,
Pubmed
Fechtig,
Line-field parallel swept source interferometric imaging at up to 1 MHz.
2014,
Pubmed
Fujimoto,
The Development, Commercialization, and Impact of Optical Coherence Tomography.
2016,
Pubmed
Goda,
High-throughput optical coherence tomography at 800 nm.
2012,
Pubmed
Hillmann,
In vivo optical imaging of physiological responses to photostimulation in human photoreceptors.
2016,
Pubmed
Huber,
Amplified, frequency swept lasers for frequency domain reflectometry and OCT imaging: design and scaling principles.
2005,
Pubmed
Huber,
Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML): A new laser operating regime and applications for optical coherence tomography.
2006,
Pubmed
Jayaraman,
High-sweep-rate 1310 nm MEMS-VCSEL with 150 nm continuous tuning range.
2012,
Pubmed
Jia,
Split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography with optical coherence tomography.
2012,
Pubmed
Khazaeinezhad,
16 MHz wavelength-swept and wavelength-stepped laser architectures based on stretched-pulse active mode locking with a single continuously chirped fiber Bragg grating.
2017,
Pubmed
Kim,
Tie2 activation promotes choriocapillary regeneration for alleviating neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
2019,
Pubmed
Klein,
Multi-MHz retinal OCT.
2013,
Pubmed
Lee,
Statistical intensity variation analysis for rapid volumetric imaging of capillary network flux.
2014,
Pubmed
Leitgeb,
Real-time assessment of retinal blood flow with ultrafast acquisition by color Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography.
2003,
Pubmed
Leitgeb,
Performance of fourier domain vs. time domain optical coherence tomography.
2003,
Pubmed
Moon,
Ultra-high-speed optical coherence tomography with a stretched pulse supercontinuum source.
2006,
Pubmed
Oh,
>400 kHz repetition rate wavelength-swept laser and application to high-speed optical frequency domain imaging.
2010,
Pubmed
Park,
Wide dynamic range high-speed three-dimensional quantitative OCT angiography with a hybrid-beam scan.
2018,
Pubmed
Potsaid,
Ultrahigh speed 1050nm swept source/Fourier domain OCT retinal and anterior segment imaging at 100,000 to 400,000 axial scans per second.
2010,
Pubmed
Potsaid,
Ultrahigh speed spectral / Fourier domain OCT ophthalmic imaging at 70,000 to 312,500 axial scans per second.
2008,
Pubmed
Schmidt-Erfurth,
Three-dimensional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of macular diseases.
2005,
Pubmed
Shin,
Quantitative hemodynamic analysis of cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling using optical coherence tomography angiography.
2019,
Pubmed
Siddiqui,
High-speed optical coherence tomography by circular interferometric ranging.
2018,
Pubmed
Takubo,
High-speed dispersion-tuned wavelength-swept fiber laser using a reflective SOA and a chirped FBG.
2013,
Pubmed
Tearney,
Three-dimensional coronary artery microscopy by intracoronary optical frequency domain imaging.
2008,
Pubmed
Tozburun,
Phase-stable Doppler OCT at 19 MHz using a stretched-pulse mode-locked laser.
2018,
Pubmed
Tozburun,
A rapid, dispersion-based wavelength-stepped and wavelength-swept laser for optical coherence tomography.
2014,
Pubmed
Tsai,
Endoscopic optical coherence angiography enables 3-dimensional visualization of subsurface microvasculature.
2014,
Pubmed
Vakoc,
Three-dimensional microscopy of the tumor microenvironment in vivo using optical frequency domain imaging.
2009,
Pubmed
Vakoc,
Comprehensive esophageal microscopy by using optical frequency-domain imaging (with video).
2007,
Pubmed
Wang,
Direct four-dimensional structural and functional imaging of cardiovascular dynamics in mouse embryos with 1.5 MHz optical coherence tomography.
2015,
Pubmed
Wang,
Cubic meter volume optical coherence tomography.
2016,
Pubmed
Wei,
Breathing laser as an inertia-free swept source for high-quality ultrafast optical bioimaging.
2014,
Pubmed
Wieser,
Multi-megahertz OCT: High quality 3D imaging at 20 million A-scans and 4.5 GVoxels per second.
2010,
Pubmed
Wieser,
High definition live 3D-OCT in vivo: design and evaluation of a 4D OCT engine with 1 GVoxel/s.
2014,
Pubmed
Wojtkowski,
Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.
2005,
Pubmed
Xu,
High-performance multi-megahertz optical coherence tomography based on amplified optical time-stretch.
2015,
Pubmed
Yun,
Comprehensive volumetric optical microscopy in vivo.
2006,
Pubmed
Yun,
Removing the depth-degeneracy in optical frequency domain imaging with frequency shifting.
2004,
Pubmed
Yun,
High-speed wavelength-swept semiconductor laser with a polygon-scanner-based wavelength filter.
2003,
Pubmed
Yun,
High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging.
2003,
Pubmed
de Boer,
Improved signal-to-noise ratio in spectral-domain compared with time-domain optical coherence tomography.
2003,
Pubmed