Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The protein kinase activity of the cell cycle regulator p34cdc2 is inactivated when the mitotic cyclin to which it is bound is degraded. The amino (N)-terminus of mitotic cyclins includes a conserved "destruction box" sequence that is essential for degradation. Although the N-terminus of sea urchin cyclin B confer cell cycle-regulated degradation to a fusion protein, a truncated protein containing only the N-terminus of Xenopus cyclin B2, including the destruction box, is stable under conditions where full length molecules are degraded. In an attempt to identify regions of cyclin B2, other than the destruction box, involved in degradation, the stability of proteins encoded by C-terminal deletion mutants of cyclin B2 was examined in Xenopus egg extracts. Truncated cyclin with only the first 90 amino acids was stable, but other C-terminal deletions lacking between 14 and 187 amino acids were unstable and were degraded by a mechanism that was neither cell cycle regulated nor dependent upon the destruction box. None of the C-terminal deletion mutants bound p34cdc2. To investigate whether the binding of p34cdc2 is required for cell cycle-regulated degradation, the behavior of proteins encoded by a series of full length Xenopus cyclin B2 cDNA with point mutations in conserved amino acids in the p34cdc2-binding domain was examined. All of the point mutants failed to form stable complexes with p34cdc, and their degradation was markedly reduced compared to wild-type cyclin. Similar results were obtained when the mutant cyclins were synthesized in reticulocyte lysates and when cyclin mRNA was translated directly in a Xenopus egg extract. These results indicate that mutations that interfere with p34cdc2 binding also interfere with cyclin destruction, suggesting that p34cdc2 binding is required for the cell cycle-regulated destruction of Xenopus cyclin B2.
Chamberlain,
Fluorographic detection of radioactivity in polyacrylamide gels with the water-soluble fluor, sodium salicylate.
1979, Pubmed
Chamberlain,
Fluorographic detection of radioactivity in polyacrylamide gels with the water-soluble fluor, sodium salicylate.
1979,
Pubmed
Dowdy,
Physical interaction of the retinoblastoma protein with human D cyclins.
1993,
Pubmed
Draetta,
Cdc2 protein kinase is complexed with both cyclin A and B: evidence for proteolytic inactivation of MPF.
1989,
Pubmed
Draetta,
Cdc2 activation: the interplay of cyclin binding and Thr161 phosphorylation.
1993,
Pubmed
Draetta,
Cell cycle control in eukaryotes: molecular mechanisms of cdc2 activation.
1990,
Pubmed
Draetta,
Activation of cdc2 protein kinase during mitosis in human cells: cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation and subunit rearrangement.
1988,
Pubmed
Evans,
Cyclin: a protein specified by maternal mRNA in sea urchin eggs that is destroyed at each cleavage division.
1983,
Pubmed
Ewen,
Functional interactions of the retinoblastoma protein with mammalian D-type cyclins.
1993,
Pubmed
Fesquet,
The MO15 gene encodes the catalytic subunit of a protein kinase that activates cdc2 and other cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) through phosphorylation of Thr161 and its homologues.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Forsburg,
Cell cycle regulation in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
1991,
Pubmed
Gallant,
Cyclin B2 undergoes cell cycle-dependent nuclear translocation and, when expressed as a non-destructible mutant, causes mitotic arrest in HeLa cells.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gautier,
Cyclin is a component of maturation-promoting factor from Xenopus.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gautier,
Purified maturation-promoting factor contains the product of a Xenopus homolog of the fission yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2+.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ghiara,
A cyclin B homolog in S. cerevisiae: chronic activation of the Cdc28 protein kinase by cyclin prevents exit from mitosis.
1991,
Pubmed
Ghislain,
S. cerevisiae 26S protease mutants arrest cell division in G2/metaphase.
1993,
Pubmed
Glotzer,
Cyclin is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gordon,
Defective mitosis due to a mutation in the gene for a fission yeast 26S protease subunit.
1993,
Pubmed
Gould,
Phosphorylation at Thr167 is required for Schizosaccharomyces pombe p34cdc2 function.
1991,
Pubmed
Gould,
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the fission yeast cdc2+ protein kinase regulates entry into mitosis.
1989,
Pubmed
Hershko,
The ubiquitin system for protein degradation.
1992,
Pubmed
Hershko,
Methylated ubiquitin inhibits cyclin degradation in clam embryo extracts.
1991,
Pubmed
Holloway,
Anaphase is initiated by proteolysis rather than by the inactivation of maturation-promoting factor.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hunt,
Cyclins and their partners: from a simple idea to complicated reality.
1991,
Pubmed
Hunt,
The requirements for protein synthesis and degradation, and the control of destruction of cyclins A and B in the meiotic and mitotic cell cycles of the clam embryo.
1992,
Pubmed
Izumi,
Phosphorylation of Xenopus cyclins B1 and B2 is not required for cell cycle transitions.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kobayashi,
Identification of the domains in cyclin A required for binding to, and activation of, p34cdc2 and p32cdk2 protein kinase subunits.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kobayashi,
On the synthesis and destruction of A- and B-type cyclins during oogenesis and meiotic maturation in Xenopus laevis.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Krek,
Differential phosphorylation of vertebrate p34cdc2 kinase at the G1/S and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle: identification of major phosphorylation sites.
1991,
Pubmed
Kunkel,
Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection.
1985,
Pubmed
Lees,
Sequences within the conserved cyclin box of human cyclin A are sufficient for binding to and activation of cdc2 kinase.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lohka,
Effects of Ca2+ ions on the formation of metaphase chromosomes and sperm pronuclei in cell-free preparations from unactivated Rana pipiens eggs.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lohka,
Induction of nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, and spindle formation in cell-free extracts.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Luca,
Both cyclin A delta 60 and B delta 97 are stable and arrest cells in M-phase, but only cyclin B delta 97 turns on cyclin destruction.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Luca,
Control of programmed cyclin destruction in a cell-free system.
1989,
Pubmed
Milarski,
Cloning and characterization of Xenopus cdc2, a component of MPF.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Minshull,
The A- and B-type cyclin associated cdc2 kinases in Xenopus turn on and off at different times in the cell cycle.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mittnacht,
Distinct sub-populations of the retinoblastoma protein show a distinct pattern of phosphorylation.
1994,
Pubmed
Mittnacht,
G1/S phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein is associated with an altered affinity for the nuclear compartment.
1991,
Pubmed
Murray,
The role of cyclin synthesis and degradation in the control of maturation promoting factor activity.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Murray,
Cyclin synthesis drives the early embryonic cell cycle.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Norbury,
Animal cell cycles and their control.
1992,
Pubmed
Nugent,
Conserved structural motifs in cyclins identified by sequence analysis.
1991,
Pubmed
Nurse,
Gene required in G1 for commitment to cell cycle and in G2 for control of mitosis in fission yeast.
1981,
Pubmed
Piggott,
A bifunctional gene product involved in two phases of the yeast cell cycle.
1982,
Pubmed
Pines,
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases: take your partners.
1993,
Pubmed
Pines,
Isolation of a human cyclin cDNA: evidence for cyclin mRNA and protein regulation in the cell cycle and for interaction with p34cdc2.
1989,
Pubmed
Pines,
Human cyclin A is adenovirus E1A-associated protein p60 and behaves differently from cyclin B.
1990,
Pubmed
Poon,
The cdc2-related protein p40MO15 is the catalytic subunit of a protein kinase that can activate p33cdk2 and p34cdc2.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Reed,
G1-specific cyclins: in search of an S-phase-promoting factor.
1991,
Pubmed
Reed,
The role of p34 kinases in the G1 to S-phase transition.
1992,
Pubmed
Sherr,
Mammalian G1 cyclins.
1993,
Pubmed
Solomon,
Role of phosphorylation in p34cdc2 activation: identification of an activating kinase.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Solomon,
CAK, the p34cdc2 activating kinase, contains a protein identical or closely related to p40MO15.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Solomon,
Cyclin activation of p34cdc2.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stewart,
Destruction of Xenopus cyclins A and B2, but not B1, requires binding to p34cdc2.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Surana,
Destruction of the CDC28/CLB mitotic kinase is not required for the metaphase to anaphase transition in budding yeast.
1993,
Pubmed
Westendorf,
The role of cyclin B in meiosis I.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Whitfield,
The A- and B-type cyclins of Drosophila are accumulated and destroyed in temporally distinct events that define separable phases of the G2-M transition.
1990,
Pubmed
Zheng,
Functional analysis of the P box, a domain in cyclin B required for the activation of Cdc25.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
van der Velden,
Mitotic arrest caused by the amino terminus of Xenopus cyclin B2.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
