Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Genes Dev
2004 Sep 01;1817:2074-85. doi: 10.1101/gad.1216204.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
RNA length defines RNA export pathway.
Masuyama K
,
Taniguchi I
,
Kataoka N
,
Ohno M
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Different RNA species are exported from the nucleus by distinct mechanisms. Among the different RNAs, mRNAs and major spliceosomal U snRNAs share several structural similarities, yet they are exported by distinct factors. We previously showed that U1 snRNAs behaved like an mRNA in nuclear export if various approximately 300-nucleotide fragments were inserted in a central position. Here we show that this export switch is dependent on the length of the insertion but independent of its position, indicating unequivocally that this switch is indeed the result of RNA length. We also show that intronless mRNAs can be progressively converted to use the U snRNA export pathway if the mRNAs are progressively shortened by deletion. In addition, immunoprecipitation experiments show that the protein composition of export RNPs is influenced by RNA length. These findings indicate that RNA length is one of the key determinants of the choice of RNA export pathway. Based on these results and previous observations, a unified model of how an RNA is committed to a specific export pathway is proposed.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
15314030
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC515286 ???displayArticle.link???Genes Dev
Arts,
The role of exportin-t in selective nuclear export of mature tRNAs.
1998, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Arts,
The role of exportin-t in selective nuclear export of mature tRNAs.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Arts,
Identification of a nuclear export receptor for tRNA.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Boelens,
Nuclear retention of RNA as a mechanism for localization.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cullen,
Nuclear RNA export.
2003,
Pubmed
Dimaano,
Nucleocytoplasmic transport: integrating mRNA production and turnover with export through the nuclear pore.
2004,
Pubmed
Dreyfuss,
Messenger-RNA-binding proteins and the messages they carry.
2002,
Pubmed
Fischer,
The HIV-1 Rev activation domain is a nuclear export signal that accesses an export pathway used by specific cellular RNAs.
1995,
Pubmed
Fornerod,
CRM1 is an export receptor for leucine-rich nuclear export signals.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Fukuda,
CRM1 is responsible for intracellular transport mediated by the nuclear export signal.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Galy,
Nuclear retention of unspliced mRNAs in yeast is mediated by perinuclear Mlp1.
2004,
Pubmed
Grüter,
TAP, the human homolog of Mex67p, mediates CTE-dependent RNA export from the nucleus.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gwizdek,
Exportin-5 mediates nuclear export of minihelix-containing RNAs.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hamm,
In vitro assembly of U1 snRNPs.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hamm,
Functional analysis of mutant Xenopus U2 snRNAs.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hamm,
Multiple domains of U1 snRNA, including U1 specific protein binding sites, are required for splicing.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hamm,
Monomethylated cap structures facilitate RNA export from the nucleus.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hellmuth,
Yeast Los1p has properties of an exportin-like nucleocytoplasmic transport factor for tRNA.
1998,
Pubmed
Huang,
Role of polyadenylation in nucleocytoplasmic transport of mRNA.
1996,
Pubmed
Huang,
The mouse histone H2a gene contains a small element that facilitates cytoplasmic accumulation of intronless gene transcripts and of unspliced HIV-1-related mRNAs.
1997,
Pubmed
Huang,
Splicing factors SRp20 and 9G8 promote the nucleocytoplasmic export of mRNA.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Huang,
SR splicing factors serve as adapter proteins for TAP-dependent mRNA export.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Izaurralde,
A nuclear cap binding protein complex involved in pre-mRNA splicing.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Izaurralde,
A cap-binding protein complex mediating U snRNA export.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jarmolowski,
Nuclear export of different classes of RNA is mediated by specific factors.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jin,
Tap and NXT promote translation of unspliced mRNA.
2003,
Pubmed
Johnson,
Nuclear export of ribosomal subunits.
2002,
Pubmed
Kambach,
Intracellular distribution of the U1A protein depends on active transport and nuclear binding to U1 snRNA.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Katahira,
The Mex67p-mediated nuclear mRNA export pathway is conserved from yeast to human.
1999,
Pubmed
Kataoka,
Cloning of a complementary DNA encoding an 80 kilodalton nuclear cap binding protein.
1994,
Pubmed
Kataoka,
Identification of the factors that interact with NCBP, an 80 kDa nuclear cap binding protein.
1995,
Pubmed
Kataoka,
Pre-mRNA splicing imprints mRNA in the nucleus with a novel RNA-binding protein that persists in the cytoplasm.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kim,
The Y14 protein communicates to the cytoplasm the position of exon-exon junctions.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Komeili,
New perspectives on nuclear transport.
2001,
Pubmed
Kuersten,
NXF-2, REF-1, and REF-2 affect the choice of nuclear export pathway for tra-2 mRNA in C. elegans.
2004,
Pubmed
Kutay,
Identification of a tRNA-specific nuclear export receptor.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Le Hir,
The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Le Hir,
How introns influence and enhance eukaryotic gene expression.
2003,
Pubmed
Lei,
Protein and RNA export from the nucleus.
2002,
Pubmed
Lipowsky,
Coordination of tRNA nuclear export with processing of tRNA.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lund,
Nuclear export of microRNA precursors.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Macara,
Transport into and out of the nucleus.
2001,
Pubmed
Malim,
The HIV-1 rev trans-activator acts through a structured target sequence to activate nuclear export of unspliced viral mRNA.
1989,
Pubmed
Mayeda,
Beta-globin transcripts carrying a single intron with three adjacent nucleotides of 5' exon are efficiently spliced in vitro irrespective of intron position or surrounding exon sequences.
1990,
Pubmed
Nott,
Splicing enhances translation in mammalian cells: an additional function of the exon junction complex.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohno,
PHAX, a mediator of U snRNA nuclear export whose activity is regulated by phosphorylation.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohno,
Identity elements used in export of mRNAs.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohno,
A nuclear cap binding protein from HeLa cells.
1990,
Pubmed
Ossareh-Nazari,
Evidence for a role of CRM1 in signal-mediated nuclear protein export.
1997,
Pubmed
Pasquinelli,
The constitutive transport element (CTE) of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) accesses a cellular mRNA export pathway.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pollard,
The HIV-1 Rev protein.
1998,
Pubmed
Reed,
A conserved mRNA export machinery coupled to pre-mRNA splicing.
2002,
Pubmed
Rodrigues,
REF proteins mediate the export of spliced and unspliced mRNAs from the nucleus.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rutz,
A dual role for BBP/ScSF1 in nuclear pre-mRNA retention and splicing.
2000,
Pubmed
Savino,
Genes for Xenopus laevis U3 small nuclear RNA.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Segref,
Mex67p, a novel factor for nuclear mRNA export, binds to both poly(A)+ RNA and nuclear pores.
1997,
Pubmed
Singh,
Gamma-monomethyl phosphate: a cap structure in spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA.
1989,
Pubmed
Stade,
Exportin 1 (Crm1p) is an essential nuclear export factor.
1997,
Pubmed
Stefano,
Purified lupus antigen La recognizes an oligouridylate stretch common to the 3' termini of RNA polymerase III transcripts.
1984,
Pubmed
Strässer,
Yra1p, a conserved nuclear RNA-binding protein, interacts directly with Mex67p and is required for mRNA export.
2000,
Pubmed
Strässer,
TREX is a conserved complex coupling transcription with messenger RNA export.
2002,
Pubmed
Stutz,
REF, an evolutionary conserved family of hnRNP-like proteins, interacts with TAP/Mex67p and participates in mRNA nuclear export.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stutz,
The interplay of nuclear mRNP assembly, mRNA surveillance and export.
2003,
Pubmed
Suntharalingam,
Peering through the pore: nuclear pore complex structure, assembly, and function.
2003,
Pubmed
Swanson,
Retroviral mRNA nuclear export elements regulate protein function and virion assembly.
2004,
Pubmed
Terns,
3'-end-dependent formation of U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Terns,
Multiple cis-acting signals for export of pre-U1 snRNA from the nucleus.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tschochner,
Pre-ribosomes on the road from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm.
2003,
Pubmed
Wen,
Identification of a signal for rapid export of proteins from the nucleus.
1995,
Pubmed
Wiegand,
Exon junction complexes mediate the enhancing effect of splicing on mRNA expression.
2003,
Pubmed
Will,
Spliceosomal UsnRNP biogenesis, structure and function.
2001,
Pubmed
Yi,
Exportin-5 mediates the nuclear export of pre-microRNAs and short hairpin RNAs.
2003,
Pubmed
Zhou,
The protein Aly links pre-messenger-RNA splicing to nuclear export in metazoans.
2000,
Pubmed
