Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Abstract
We describe the cloning, cDNA sequence and embryonic expression of a Xenopus homologue of MyoD, a mouse gene encoding a DNA-binding protein that can activate muscle gene expression in cultured cells. The predicted Xenopus MyoD protein sequence is remarkably similar to mouse MyoD. Zygotic expression of MyoD begins in early gastrulae, but there is a low level of unlocalized maternal message. Northern blot analysis of dissected embryos and in situ hybridization show that MyoD RNA is restricted to the gastrulamesoderm and to the somites of neurulae and tailbud embryos. The time and place of MyoD expression are consistent with a role for MyoD in the activation of other muscle genes in the somites of the frog embryo. However, MyoD is skeletal muscle-specific and is not expressed even in the early embryonic heart, which co-expresses cardiac and skeletal actin isoforms. Striated muscle genes can therefore be activated in some embryonic tissues in the absence of MyoD. The concentration of MyoD in the somites falls once they have formed, suggesting that MyoD may act there transiently to establish muscle gene expression. MyoD transcription is activated following mesoderm induction, and is the earliest muscle-specific response to mesoderm-inducing factors so far described.
Auffray,
Purification of mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain messenger RNAs from total myeloma tumor RNA.
1980, Pubmed
Auffray,
Purification of mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain messenger RNAs from total myeloma tumor RNA.
1980,
Pubmed
Biggin,
Buffer gradient gels and 35S label as an aid to rapid DNA sequence determination.
1983,
Pubmed
Braun,
A novel human muscle factor related to but distinct from MyoD1 induces myogenic conversion in 10T1/2 fibroblasts.
1989,
Pubmed
Davis,
Expression of a single transfected cDNA converts fibroblasts to myoblasts.
1987,
Pubmed
Edmondson,
A gene with homology to the myc similarity region of MyoD1 is expressed during myogenesis and is sufficient to activate the muscle differentiation program.
1989,
Pubmed
Feinberg,
A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity.
1983,
Pubmed
Gurdon,
Embryonic induction--molecular prospects.
1987,
Pubmed
Gurdon,
Methods for nuclear transplantation in amphibia.
1977,
Pubmed
Gurdon,
Activation of muscle-specific actin genes in Xenopus development by an induction between animal and vegetal cells of a blastula.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Harvey,
Microinjection of synthetic Xhox-1A homeobox mRNA disrupts somite formation in developing Xenopus embryos.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Henikoff,
Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing.
1984,
Pubmed
Keller,
Vital dye mapping of the gastrula and neurula of Xenopus laevis. I. Prospective areas and morphogenetic movements of the superficial layer.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Keller,
Vital dye mapping of the gastrula and neurula of Xenopus laevis. II. Prospective areas and morphogenetic movements of the deep layer.
1976,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kintner,
Expression of Xenopus N-CAM RNA in ectoderm is an early response to neural induction.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Krieg,
In vitro RNA synthesis with SP6 RNA polymerase.
1987,
Pubmed
Krieg,
Developmental regulation of a gastrula-specific gene injected into fertilized Xenopus eggs.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Krieg,
The mRNA encoding elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1 alpha) is a major transcript at the midblastula transition in Xenopus.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Melton,
Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter.
1984,
Pubmed
Minty,
Upstream regions of the human cardiac actin gene that modulate its transcription in muscle cells: presence of an evolutionarily conserved repeated motif.
1986,
Pubmed
Mohun,
The CArG promoter sequence is necessary for muscle-specific transcription of the cardiac actin gene in Xenopus embryos.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mohun,
Upstream sequences required for tissue-specific activation of the cardiac actin gene in Xenopus laevis embryos.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mohun,
Cell type-specific activation of actin genes in the early amphibian embryo.
,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Murre,
A new DNA binding and dimerization motif in immunoglobulin enhancer binding, daughterless, MyoD, and myc proteins.
1989,
Pubmed
Pinney,
Myogenic lineage determination and differentiation: evidence for a regulatory gene pathway.
1988,
Pubmed
Ruiz i Altaba,
Bimodal and graded expression of the Xenopus homeobox gene Xhox3 during embryonic development.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sanger,
DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.
1977,
Pubmed
Sassoon,
Transcripts of alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actins are early markers for myogenesis in the mouse embryo.
1988,
Pubmed
Smith,
Mesoderm induction and mesoderm-inducing factors in early amphibian development.
1989,
Pubmed
Tapscott,
MyoD1: a nuclear phosphoprotein requiring a Myc homology region to convert fibroblasts to myoblasts.
1988,
Pubmed
Taylor,
Multiple new phenotypes induced in 10T1/2 and 3T3 cells treated with 5-azacytidine.
1979,
Pubmed
Taylor,
Muscle-specific (CArG) and serum-responsive (SRE) promoter elements are functionally interchangeable in Xenopus embryos and mouse fibroblasts.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wright,
Myogenin, a factor regulating myogenesis, has a domain homologous to MyoD.
1989,
Pubmed
