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XB-ART-2256
Dev Cell 2005 Mar 01;83:401-11. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.01.013.
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Depletion of three BMP antagonists from Spemann's organizer leads to a catastrophic loss of dorsal structures.



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Transplanted Spemann's organizer induces dorsal embryonic cell fates such as the nervous system and somites, but in normal development, elimination of individual organizer signals (such as the bone morphogenetic protein [BMP] antagonists) has surprisingly modest effects on these tissues. Thus, the role of BMP antagonists may be limited to fine tuning the size of the dorsal domain. However, at least five BMP antagonists are specifically expressed in the organizer, and all can mimic aspects of organizer function, suggesting overlapping functions. Here, we deplete the function of three BMP antagonists, chordin, noggin, and follistatin, in Xenopus tropicalis. We demonstrate that this results in catastrophic failure of dorsal development and expansion of ventral and posterior fates. We conclude that BMP antagonists are required for formation of the neural plate and dorsal mesoderm. In addition, our results show that neural specification requires the continuous activity of BMP antagonists from blastula through gastrula stages.

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Species referenced: Xenopus tropicalis
Genes referenced: bambi bmp4 cer1 chrd fst gsc krt12.4 msx1 myf5 myod1 nodal3 nodal3.2 nog not shh sia1 sox2 sox3 szl tbxt ventx2.2
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