Bourdelas A et al. (2009), Dynamic expression pattern of distinct genes in...

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Int J Dev Biol 2009 Jan 01;537:1075-9. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.072474ab.

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Dynamic expression pattern of distinct genes in the presomitic and somitic mesoderm during Xenopus development.

Bourdelas A , Li HY , Carron C , Shi DL .

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Whole-mount and sectioned in situ hybridization was used to identify genes with restricted expression pattern in the presomitic and somitic mesoderm during Xenopus early development. Here we report the dynamic expression pattern of six distinct genes differentially expressed in these regions. These include Xenopus homologues of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, acetylcholine receptor, aspartate aminotransferase, glycine amidinotransferase and brain and muscle isoform creatine kinases. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase was initially expressed in the marginal zone at gastrula stage and then localized to the tail bud. Although the other genes showed no significantly localized expression at gastrula or neurula stages, they are progressively restricted in the somitic mesoderm as development proceeds. A common feature for these genes is that their deficiency in humans leads to an impairment of several tissue or cell functions. An analysis of their expression pattern could provide information regarding their implication in early development.

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Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: chrna1 chrna1.2 ckb ckm gatm got1 pnp

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	Fig. 1 (Left). Expression of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. (A) Vegetal view of an early gastrula (stage 10.5), with a strong expression in the dorsal marginal zone. (B) Vegetal view of a stage 11 gastrula. The transcripts are detected in the entire marginal zone. (C) Section from the line in (B), showing expression in the deep layer of dorsal marginal zone cells. (D) Dorsal view of a stage 15 early neurula. Expression is localized to the posterior region and the entire neural plate. (E) Section from the line in (D), showing expression in the deep layer of neural plate and absence of expression in the somites and notochord. (F) Lateral view of a stage 22 early tail-bud embryo, with the expression essentially de- tected in the tail bud and the forming otic vesicle (OV). (G) Section from inset in (F), showing expression in deep cells of the tail bud. (H) Lateral view of a stage 28 tail-bud embryo. The expression is restricted in the posterior tip of the tail bud and in the otic vesicle (OV). (I) Section from inset in (H), with higher magnification of the otic vesicle. (J) Section corresponding to inset in (H), showing expression in the tail bud including both unsegmented posterior mesoderm and neural precursor cells.
	Fig. 2 (Right). Expression of acetylcholine receptor α1a. Lateral view for all embryos, except in (E) which is a section at the level of the line in (D). (A) Stage 20 late neurula with weak expression in the trunk somites. (B) Stage 22. (C) Stage 25. (D,E) Stage 32. (F) A stage 41 larva. h, hypaxial muscle cells.
	Fig. 4. Expression of glycine amidinotransferase. (A) Vegetal view of a stage 10.5 early gastrula showing the expression in the marginal zone. (B) Dorsal view of a stage 12 late gastrula with weak expression in the neural plate. (C) Stage 22, lateral view. Expression can be seen in the somites and endoderm. (D) Lateral view of a stage 25 tail-bud embryo. (E) Stage 35, lateral view. (F) A section made at the level of the line in (E). (G) A stage 41 larval stage embryo. nt, neural tube; lp, lateral plate.
	Fig. 5. Expression pattern of the brain isoform creatine kinase. (A) Lateral view of a stage 23 tail-bud embryo. (B) Stage 25, lateral view. (C) Stage 30, lateral view. (D) Section at the level of the line in (C). (E) A stage 41 larva, lateral view. Arrow indicates the pronephric duct.
	Fig. 6. Expression pattern of the muscle isoform creatine kinase. (A) Stage 18, dorsal view. (B) Stage 20, dorsal view. (C) Stage 25, lateral view. (D) Stage 30, lateral view. (E) Section at the level of the line in (D). (F) A stage 41 larva, lateral view. h, hypaxial muscle cells. Arrow indicates head muscle cells.
	Fig. 3. Expression pattern of aspartate aminotransferase. Lateral view for all embryos, except for (D). (A) A stage 23 early tail-bud embryo. (B) Stage 30, with strong expression in the somites, pronephric duct (arrow). Expression also appears in the proctodium (p). (C) Stage 35. Additional expression site is found in the pronephros anlag (arrow head). (D) Section from the line in (C), showing expression in somites and pronephros (arrows). (E) Stage 41.
	got1 (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 23, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.
	got1 (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 29 and 30, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.
	got1 (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 22, as assayed by in situ hybridization. Lateral view: anterior left, dorsal up.
	got1 (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 41, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.
	pnp (purine nucleoside phosphorylase) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 10.5, as assayed by in situ hybridization, vegetal view, dorsal up.
	pnp (purine nucleoside phosphorylase) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 15, as assayed by in situ hybridization, (D) dorsal view, anterior right; (e) transeverse section as indicated.
	pnp (purine nucleoside phosphorylase) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 28, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.
	chrna1-a (cholinergic receptor, nicotinic alpha 1) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo via in situ hybridization, NF stage 22, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.
	chrna1-a (cholinergic receptor, nicotinic alpha 1) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo via in situ hybridization, NF stage 32, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.
	chrna1-a (cholinergic receptor, nicotinic alpha 1) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo via in situ hybridization, NF stage 41, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.
	gatm (glycine amidinotransferase (L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase)) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo via in situ hybridization, NF stage 10.5, vegetal view, dorsal up.
	gatm (glycine amidinotransferase (L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase)) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo via in situ hybridization, NF stage 35, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.
	gatm (glycine amidinotransferase (L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase)) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo via in situ hybridization, NF stage 32, midtrunk level transverse section, dorsal up.
	gatm (glycine amidinotransferase (L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase)) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo via in situ hybridization, NF stage 41, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.
	ckb (creatine kinase, brain) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo via in situ hybridization, NF stage 25, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.

	ckb (creatine kinase, brain) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo via in situ hybridization, NF stage 41, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.
	ckm (creatine kinase, muscle) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo via in situ hybridization, NF stage 25, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.