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XB-ART-1714
Development 2005 Aug 01;13215:3381-92. doi: 10.1242/dev.01901.
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Depletion of Bmp2, Bmp4, Bmp7 and Spemann organizer signals induces massive brain formation in Xenopus embryos.

Reversade B , Kuroda H , Lee H , Mays A , De Robertis EM .


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To address the patterning function of the Bmp2, Bmp4 and Bmp7 growth factors, we designed antisense morpholino oligomers (MO) that block their activity in Xenopus laevis. Bmp4 knockdown was sufficient to rescue the ventralizing effects caused by loss of Chordin activity. Double Bmp4 and Bmp7 knockdown inhibited tail development. Triple Bmp2/Bmp4/Bmp7 depletion further compromised trunk development but did not eliminate dorsoventral patterning. Unexpectedly, we found that blocking Spemann organizer formation by UV treatment or beta-Catenin depletion caused BMP inhibition to have much more potent effects, abolishing all ventral development and resulting in embryos having radial central nervous system (CNS) structures. Surprisingly, dorsal signaling molecules such as Chordin, Noggin, Xnr6 and Cerberus were not re-expressed in these embryos. We conclude that BMP inhibition is sufficient for neural induction in vivo, and that in the absence of ventral BMPs, Spemann organizer signals are not required for brain formation.

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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: bmp2 bmp4 bmp7 bmp7.2 cer1 chrd egr2 fgf8 foxa4 gbx2 gbx2.2 hoxb9 hoxc9-like myod1 nodal6 nog otx2 six3 smad1 sox2 sox3 szl tbx2 tubb2b
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References [+] :
Baker, Wnt signaling in Xenopus embryos inhibits bmp4 expression and activates neural development. 1999, Pubmed, Xenbase