Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Biochem J
2006 Nov 01;3993:445-53. doi: 10.1042/BJ20060035.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Chinese-scorpion (Buthus martensi Karsch) toxin BmK alphaIV, a novel modulator of sodium channels: from genomic organization to functional analysis.
Chai ZF
,
Zhu MM
,
Bai ZT
,
Liu T
,
Tan M
,
Pang XY
,
Ji YH
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
In the present study, BmK alphaIV, a novel modulator of sodium channels, was cloned from venomous glands of the Chinese scorpion (Buthus martensi Karsch) and expressed successfully in Escherichia coli. The BmK alphaIV gene is composed of two exons separated by a 503 bp intron. The mature polypeptide contains 66 amino acids. BmK alphaIV has potent toxicity in mice and cockroaches. Surface-plasmon-resonance analysis found that BmK alphaIV could bind to both rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes and cockroach neuronal membranes, and shared similar binding sites on sodium channels with classical AaH II (alpha-mammal neurotoxin from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector), BmK AS (beta-like neurotoxin), BmK IT2 (the depressant insect-selective neurotoxin) and BmK abT (transitional neurotoxin), but not with BmK I (alpha-like neurotoxin). Two-electrode voltage clamp recordings on rNav1.2 channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that BmK alphaIV increased the peak amplitude and prolonged the inactivation phase of Na+ currents. The structural and pharmacological properties compared with those of other scorpion alpha-toxins suggests that BmK alphaIV represents a novel subgroup or functional hybrid of alpha-toxins and might be an evolutionary intermediate neurotoxin for alpha-toxins.
Bai,
Fos expression in rat spinal cord induced by peripheral injection of BmK I, an alpha-like scorpion neurotoxin.
2003, Pubmed
Bai,
Fos expression in rat spinal cord induced by peripheral injection of BmK I, an alpha-like scorpion neurotoxin.
2003,
Pubmed
Bai,
The epileptic seizures induced by BmK I, a modulator of sodium channels.
2006,
Pubmed
Bougis,
Precursors of Androctonus australis scorpion neurotoxins. Structures of precursors, processing outcomes, and expression of a functional recombinant toxin II.
1989,
Pubmed
Catterall,
From ionic currents to molecular mechanisms: the structure and function of voltage-gated sodium channels.
2000,
Pubmed
Cestèle,
Molecular mechanisms of neurotoxin action on voltage-gated sodium channels.
2000,
Pubmed
Chai,
The binding of BmK IT2 on mammal and insect sodium channels by surface plasmon resonance assay.
2006,
Pubmed
Chen,
The modulation effects of BmK I, an alpha-like scorpion neurotoxin, on voltage-gated Na(+) currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.
2005,
Pubmed
Chen,
Antihyperalgesia effect of BmK AS, a scorpion toxin, in rat by intraplantar injection.
2002,
Pubmed
Delabre,
Promoter structure and intron-exon organization of a scorpion alpha-toxin gene.
1995,
Pubmed
Dodd,
A rapid method for preparing synaptosomes: comparison, with alternative procedures.
1981,
Pubmed
Froy,
New insight on scorpion divergence inferred from comparative analysis of toxin structure, pharmacology and distribution.
2003,
Pubmed
Goldin,
Evolution of voltage-gated Na(+) channels.
2002,
Pubmed
Gordon,
Scorpion toxins affecting sodium current inactivation bind to distinct homologous receptor sites on rat brain and insect sodium channels.
1996,
Pubmed
Goudet,
An overview of toxins and genes from the venom of the Asian scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch.
2002,
Pubmed
Hassani,
Aah VI, a novel, N-glycosylated anti-insect toxin from Androctonus australis hector scorpion venom: isolation, characterisation, and glycan structure determination.
1999,
Pubmed
Ji,
The binding of BmK abT, a unique neurotoxin, to mammal brain and insect Na(+) channels using biosensor.
2002,
Pubmed
Ji,
Molecular characteristics of four new depressant insect neurotoxins purified from venom of Buthus martensi Karsch by HPLC.
1994,
Pubmed
Ji,
Two neurotoxins (BmK I and BmK II) from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch: purification, amino acid sequences and assessment of specific activity.
1996,
Pubmed
Karbat,
Molecular basis of the high insecticidal potency of scorpion alpha-toxins.
2004,
Pubmed
Li,
The binding of BmK IT2, a depressant insect-selective scorpion toxin on mammal and insect sodium channels.
2000,
Pubmed
Li,
BmK AS: new scorpion neurotoxin binds to distinct receptor sites of mammal and insect voltage-gated sodium channels.
2000,
Pubmed
Li,
Binding characteristics of BmK I, an alpha-like scorpion neurotoxic polypeptide, on cockroach nerve cord synaptosomes.
2000,
Pubmed
Marais,
Intron size and exon evolution in Drosophila.
2005,
Pubmed
Martí-Renom,
Comparative protein structure modeling of genes and genomes.
2000,
Pubmed
Nicholls,
Protein folding and association: insights from the interfacial and thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbons.
1991,
Pubmed
Tan,
The inhibitory effects of BmK IT2, a scorpion neurotoxin on rat nociceptive flexion reflex and a possible mechanism for modulating voltage-gated Na(+) channels.
2001,
Pubmed
Ulbricht,
Sodium channel inactivation: molecular determinants and modulation.
2005,
Pubmed
Xiong,
The CDNA and genomic DNA sequences of a mammalian neurotoxin from the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch.
1997,
Pubmed
Ye,
Purification, cDNA cloning and function assessment of BmK abT, a unique component from the Old World scorpion species.
2000,
Pubmed
Ye,
Cloning and characterization of cDNA sequences encoding two novel alpha-like-toxin precursors from the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch.
2001,
Pubmed
Yu,
Sodium channel beta4, a new disulfide-linked auxiliary subunit with similarity to beta2.
2003,
Pubmed
Zhang,
Suppressive effects of BmK IT2 on nociceptive behavior and c-Fos expression in spinal cord induced by formalin.
2003,
Pubmed
Zilberberg,
Identification of structural elements of a scorpion alpha-neurotoxin important for receptor site recognition.
1997,
Pubmed
Zuo,
Molecular mechanism of scorpion neurotoxins acting on sodium channels: insight into their diverse selectivity.
2004,
Pubmed
