XB-ART-24090
Mol Neurobiol
1992 Jan 01;61:1-17. doi: 10.1007/bf02935564.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Nicotinic receptor-associated 43K protein and progressive stabilization of the postsynaptic membrane.
Hill JA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
An extrinsic membrane protein of apparent molecular mass 43 kDa is specifically localized in postsynaptic membranes closely associated with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Since its discovery in 1977, biochemical and morphological studies have combined to provide relatively clear pictures of 43K protein structure and subcellular compartmentalization. Nevertheless, despite these advances, the precise function of this synapse-specific protein remains unclear. Data gathered in recent years indicate that the postsynaptic apparatus develops through the incremental agglomeration of receptor microaggregates; evidence derived from a number of sources points to a role for 43K protein in certain underlying reactions. In this paper, I review 43K protein structural and anatomical data and analyze evidence for its role in the organization and maintenance of the postsynaptic membrane. Finally, I offer a model presenting a view of the role of 43K protein in the ontogeny of the motor endplate.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 1463586
???displayArticle.link??? Mol Neurobiol
References [+] :
,
Leucine-zipper motif update.
1989, Pubmed
, Leucine-zipper motif update. 1989, Pubmed
Anderson, Nerve-induced and spontaneous redistribution of acetylcholine receptors on cultured muscle cells. 1977, Pubmed , Xenbase
Anderson, Effects of innervation on the distribution of acetylcholine receptors on cultured muscle cells. 1977, Pubmed , Xenbase
Angelides, Fluorescently labelled Na+ channels are localized and immobilized to synapses of innervated muscle fibres. , Pubmed
Anthony, A molecular defect in virally transformed muscle cells that cannot cluster acetylcholine receptors. 1988, Pubmed
Anthony, Transformation by Rous sarcoma virus prevents acetylcholine receptor clustering on cultured chicken muscle fibers. 1984, Pubmed
Baldwin, Regulation of transcript encoding the 43K subsynaptic protein during development and after denervation. 1988, Pubmed , Xenbase
Barrantes, Peptide extraction by alkaline treatment is accompanied by rearrangement of the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata. 1980, Pubmed
Beam, Na channels in skeletal muscle concentrated near the neuromuscular junction. , Pubmed
Becker, Sensitive immunoassay shows selective association of peripheral and integral membrane proteins of the inhibitory glycine receptor complex. 1989, Pubmed
Berg, Loss of alpha-bungarotoxin from junctional and extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors in rat diaphragm muscle in vivo and in organ culture. 1975, Pubmed
Bloch, Actin at receptor-rich domains of isolated acetylcholine receptor clusters. 1986, Pubmed
Bloch, Collagenase digestion alters the organization and turnover of junctional acetylcholine receptors. 1986, Pubmed
Bloch, The relationship of the postsynaptic 43K protein to acetylcholine receptors in receptor clusters isolated from cultured rat myotubes. 1987, Pubmed
Bloch, Acetylcholine receptor clustering in rat myotubes: requirement for CA2+ and effects of drugs which depolymerize microtubules. 1983, Pubmed
Bloch, Dispersal and reformation of acetylcholine receptor clusters of cultured rat myotubes treated with inhibitors of energy metabolism. 1979, Pubmed
Bloch, An unusual beta-spectrin associated with clustered acetylcholine receptors. 1989, Pubmed
Bloch, Molecular events in synaptogenesis: nerve-muscle adhesion and postsynaptic differentiation. 1988, Pubmed
Boivin, Role of the phosphorylation of red blood cell membrane proteins. 1988, Pubmed
Bourgeois, Quantitative studies on the localization of the cholinergic receptor protein in the normal and denervated electroplaque from Electrophorus electricus. 1978, Pubmed
Bridgman, Visualization of the cytoplasmic surface of Torpedo postsynaptic membranes by freeze-etch and immunoelectron microscopy. 1987, Pubmed
Burden, Crosslinking of proteins in acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes: association between the beta-subunit and the 43 kd subsynaptic protein. 1983, Pubmed
Burden, The subsynaptic 43-kDa protein is concentrated at developing nerve-muscle synapses in vitro. 1985, Pubmed , Xenbase
Burn, The cytoskeletal protein vinculin contains transformation-sensitive, covalently bound lipid. 1987, Pubmed
Burn, Amphitropic proteins: a new class of membrane proteins. 1988, Pubmed
Carr, The 43-kilodalton protein of Torpedo nicotinic postsynaptic membranes: purification and determination of primary structure. 1987, Pubmed
Carr, A novel 87,000-Mr protein associated with acetylcholine receptors in Torpedo electric organ and vertebrate skeletal muscle. 1989, Pubmed
Cartaud, Presence of a protein immunologically related to lamin B in the postsynaptic membrane of Torpedo marmorata electrocyte. 1989, Pubmed
Cartaud, Consequences of alkaline treatment for the ultrastructure of the acetylcholine-receptor-rich membranes from Torpedo marmorata electric organ. 1981, Pubmed
Catterall, Excitation-contraction coupling in vertebrate skeletal muscle: a tale of two calcium channels. 1991, Pubmed
Chang, Turnover of junctional and extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors of the rat diaphragm. 1975, Pubmed
Changeux, Compartmentalization of acetylcholine receptor gene expression during development of the neuromuscular junction. 1990, Pubmed
Changeux, Coexistence of neuronal messengers and molecular selection. 1986, Pubmed
Cohen, Localization of acetylcholine receptors and synaptic ultrastructure at nerve-muscle contacts in culture: dependence on nerve type. 1980, Pubmed , Xenbase
Daniels, Localization of actin, beta-spectrin, 43 x 10(3) Mr and 58 x 10(3) Mr proteins to receptor-enriched domains of newly formed acetylcholine receptor aggregates in isolated myotube membranes. 1990, Pubmed
Devreotes, Acetylcholine receptor turnover in membranes of developing muscle fibers. 1975, Pubmed
Edelstein, Identification of a 33-kilodalton cytoskeletal protein with high affinity for the sodium channel. 1988, Pubmed
Elliott, Purification of Torpedo californica post-synaptic membranes and fractionation of their constituent proteins. 1980, Pubmed
Fertuck, Quantitation of junctional and extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors by electron microscope autoradiography after 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding at mouse neuromuscular junctions. 1976, Pubmed
Flucher, Distribution of Na+ channels and ankyrin in neuromuscular junctions is complementary to that of acetylcholine receptors and the 43 kd protein. 1989, Pubmed
Frail, cDNAs for the postsynaptic 43-kDa protein of Torpedo electric organ encode two proteins with different carboxyl termini. 1987, Pubmed
Frail, Identification of the mouse muscle 43,000-dalton acetylcholine receptor-associated protein (RAPsyn) by cDNA cloning. 1988, Pubmed
Frail, Expression of RAPsyn (43K protein) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes is not coordinately regulated in mouse muscle. 1989, Pubmed
Froehner, A postsynaptic Mr 58,000 (58K) protein concentrated at acetylcholine receptor-rich sites in Torpedo electroplaques and skeletal muscle. 1987, Pubmed , Xenbase
Froehner, Peripheral proteins of postsynaptic membranes from Torpedo electric organ identified with monoclonal antibodies. 1984, Pubmed
Froehner, Immunofluorescence localization at the mammalian neuromuscular junction of the Mr 43,000 protein of Torpedo postsynaptic membranes. 1981, Pubmed
Froehner, The postsynaptic 43K protein clusters muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Xenopus oocytes. 1990, Pubmed , Xenbase
Froehner, The submembrane machinery for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering. 1991, Pubmed
Froehner, Expression of RNA transcripts for the postsynaptic 43 kDa protein in innervated and denervated rat skeletal muscle. 1989, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fumagalli, Regulation of turnover and number of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions. 1990, Pubmed
Gibrat, Further developments of protein secondary structure prediction using information theory. New parameters and consideration of residue pairs. 1987, Pubmed
Goldman, Muscle denervation increases the levels of two mRNAs coding for the acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit. 1985, Pubmed
Gordon, Phosphorylation of membrane proteins at a cholinergic synapse. 1977, Pubmed
Gordon, Membrane-bound protein kinase activity in acetylcholine receptor-enriched membranes. 1980, Pubmed
Haimovich, Localization of sodium channel subtypes in adult rat skeletal muscle using channel-specific monoclonal antibodies. 1987, Pubmed
Hamilton, Formation of disulfide-linked oligomers of acetylcholine receptor in membrane from torpedo electric tissue. 1979, Pubmed
Hartman, Extracellular synaptic factors induce clustering of acetylcholine receptors stably expressed in fibroblasts. 1991, Pubmed
Hill, Serine-specific phosphorylation of nicotinic receptor associated 43K protein. 1991, Pubmed
Hökfelt, Coexistence of neuronal messengers--an overview. 1986, Pubmed
Huganir, Regulation of neurotransmitter receptor desensitization by protein phosphorylation. 1990, Pubmed
Jasmin, Asymmetric distribution of dystrophin in developing and adult Torpedo marmorata electrocyte: evidence for its association with the acetylcholine receptor-rich membrane. 1990, Pubmed
Kellie, The cytoskeletal protein vinculin is acylated by myristic acid. 1987, Pubmed
Klarsfeld, Activity regulates the levels of acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit mRNA in cultured chicken myotubes. 1985, Pubmed
Klymkowsky, Protease effects on the structure of acetylcholine receptor membranes from Torpedo californica. 1980, Pubmed
Ko, Denervated skeletal muscle fibers develop discrete patches of high acetylcholine receptor density. 1977, Pubmed
Kordeli, Evidence for a polarity in the distribution of proteins from the cytoskeleton in Torpedo marmorata electrocytes. 1986, Pubmed
Kordeli, Asynchronous assembly of the acetylcholine receptor and of the 43-kD nu1 protein in the postsynaptic membrane of developing Torpedo marmorata electrocyte. 1989, Pubmed
Kouzarides, The role of the leucine zipper in the fos-jun interaction. 1989, Pubmed
Kouzarides, Leucine zippers of fos, jun and GCN4 dictate dimerization specificity and thereby control DNA binding. 1989, Pubmed
Krikorian, Reorganization and stabilization of acetylcholine receptor aggregates on rat myotubes. 1989, Pubmed
Kuromi, Nerve disperses preexisting acetylcholine receptor clusters prior to induction of receptor accumulation in Xenopus muscle cultures. 1984, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lacerda, Normalization of current kinetics by interaction between the alpha 1 and beta subunits of the skeletal muscle dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channel. 1991, Pubmed
Landschulz, The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins. 1988, Pubmed
Landschulz, The DNA binding domain of the rat liver nuclear protein C/EBP is bipartite. 1989, Pubmed
LaRochelle, Determination of the tissue distributions and relative concentrations of the postsynaptic 43-kDa protein and the acetylcholine receptor in Torpedo. 1986, Pubmed
LaRochelle, Clusters of 43-kDa protein are absent from genetic variants of C2 muscle cells with reduced acetylcholine receptor expression. 1989, Pubmed
LaRochelle, Developmental expression of the 43K and 58K postsynaptic membrane proteins and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Torpedo electrocytes. 1990, Pubmed
LaRochelle, Comparison of the postsynaptic 43-kDa protein from muscle cells that differ in acetylcholine receptor clustering activity. 1987, Pubmed
Laufer, Activity-dependent regulation of gene expression in muscle and neuronal cells. 1989, Pubmed
Lazarides, Biogenesis of the red blood cell membrane-skeleton and the control of erythroid morphogenesis. 1989, Pubmed
Lidov, Localization of dystrophin to postsynaptic regions of central nervous system cortical neurons. , Pubmed
Lo, Rotational mobility of the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor of Torpedo electric organ measured by phosphorescence depolarisation. 1980, Pubmed
Love, An autosomal transcript in skeletal muscle with homology to dystrophin. 1989, Pubmed
McKnight, Molecular zippers in gene regulation. 1991, Pubmed
Merlie, Denervation supersensitivity in skeletal muscle: analysis with a cloned cDNA probe. 1984, Pubmed
Miles, Calcitonin gene-related peptide regulates phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in rat myotubes. 1989, Pubmed
Miles, Regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by protein phosphorylation. 1988, Pubmed
Mishina, Expression of functional acetylcholine receptor from cloned cDNAs. , Pubmed , Xenbase
Mitra, Three-dimensional structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and location of the major associated 43-kD cytoskeletal protein, determined at 22 A by low dose electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction to 12.5 A. 1989, Pubmed
Moody-Corbett, Influence of nerve on the formation and survival of acetylcholine receptor and cholinesterase patches on embryonic Xenopus muscle cells in culture. 1982, Pubmed , Xenbase
Musil, Acetylcholine receptor-associated 43K protein contains covalently bound myristate. 1988, Pubmed
Musil, The mammalian 43-kD acetylcholine receptor-associated protein (RAPsyn) is expressed in some nonmuscle cells. 1989, Pubmed
Neubig, Acetylcholine and local anesthetic binding to Torpedo nicotinic postsynaptic membranes after removal of nonreceptor peptides. 1979, Pubmed
Nghiêm, Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody directed against the 43,000-dalton v1 polypeptide from Torpedo marmorata electric organ. 1983, Pubmed
Nghiêm, Developmental changes in the subcellular distribution of the 43K (v1) polypeptides in Torpedo marmorata electrocyte: support for a role in acetylcholine receptor stabilization. 1991, Pubmed
Nitkin, Identification of agrin, a synaptic organizing protein from Torpedo electric organ. 1987, Pubmed
Olek, Early stages in the formation and stabilization of acetylcholine receptor aggregates on cultured myotubes: sensitivity to temperature and azide. 1986, Pubmed
Olek, Direct observation of the rapid aggregation of acetylcholine receptors on identified cultured myotubes after exposure to embryonic brain extract. 1983, Pubmed
Orida, Electrophoretic movement and localisation of acetylcholine receptors in the embryonic muscle cell membrane. 1978, Pubmed , Xenbase
Peng, Formation of ACh receptor clusters induced by positively charged latex beads. 1981, Pubmed , Xenbase
Peng, Induction of synaptic development in cultured muscle cells by basic fibroblast growth factor. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Peng, Formation of postsynaptic specializations induced by latex beads in cultured muscle cells. 1982, Pubmed , Xenbase
Peng, Association of the postsynaptic 43K protein with newly formed acetylcholine receptor clusters in cultured muscle cells. 1985, Pubmed , Xenbase
Phillips, ACh receptor-rich membrane domains organized in fibroblasts by recombinant 43-kildalton protein. 1991, Pubmed
Porter, Interaction of the 43K protein with components of Torpedo postsynaptic membranes. 1985, Pubmed
Prives, Interaction of the cytoskeletal framework with acetylcholine receptor on th surface of embryonic muscle cells in culture. 1982, Pubmed
Pumplin, Disruption and reformation of the acetylcholine receptor clusters of cultured rat myotubes occur in two distinct stages. 1987, Pubmed
Rasmussen, X-ray scattering indicates that the leucine zipper is a coiled coil. 1991, Pubmed
Rich, In vivo visualization of pre- and postsynaptic changes during synapse elimination in reinnervated mouse muscle. 1989, Pubmed
Robitaille, Strategic location of calcium channels at transmitter release sites of frog neuromuscular synapses. 1990, Pubmed
Ross, Induction of phosphorylation and cell surface redistribution of acetylcholine receptors by phorbol ester and carbamylcholine in cultured chick muscle cells. 1988, Pubmed
Rotzler, Metabolic stabilization of endplate acetylcholine receptors regulated by Ca2+ influx associated with muscle activity. 1991, Pubmed
Rotzler, Metabolic stabilization of acetylcholine receptors in vertebrate neuromuscular junction by muscle activity. 1990, Pubmed
Rousselet, The rotational diffusion of the acetylcholine receptor in Torpeda marmorata membrane fragments studied with a spin-labelled alpha-toxin: importance of the 43 000 protein(s). 1982, Pubmed
Saitoh, Factors regulating the susceptibility of the acetylcholine receptor protein to heat inactivation. 1979, Pubmed
Saitoh, Phosphorylation in vitro of membrane fragments from Torpedo marmorata electric organ. Effect on membrane solubilization by detergents. 1980, Pubmed
Schmitt, The Mr 93,000 polypeptide of the postsynaptic glycine receptor complex is a peripheral membrane protein. 1987, Pubmed
Schuetze, Developmental regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. 1987, Pubmed
Sealock, Ultrastructural localization of the Mr 43,000 protein and the acetylcholine receptor in Torpedo postsynaptic membranes using monoclonal antibodies. 1984, Pubmed
Seitanidou, Distribution of glycine receptors on the membrane of a central neuron: an immunoelectron microscopy study. 1988, Pubmed
Shyng, Cyclic AMP stabilizes the degradation of original junctional acetylcholine receptors in denervated muscle. 1991, Pubmed
Sobel, Large-scale purification of the acetylcholine-receptor protein in its membrane-bound and detergent-extracted forms from Torpedo marmorata electric organ. 1977, Pubmed
Srinivasan, Ankyrin and spectrin associate with voltage-dependent sodium channels in brain. 1988, Pubmed
Staufenbiel, Ankyrin is fatty acid acylated in erythrocytes. 1986, Pubmed
Steinbach, Developmental changes in acetylcholine receptor aggregates at rat skeletal neuromuscular junctions. 1981, Pubmed
St John, Nicotinic postsynaptic membranes from Torpedo: sidedness, permeability to macromolecules, and topography of major polypeptides. 1982, Pubmed
Toyoshima, Ion channel of acetylcholine receptor reconstructed from images of postsynaptic membranes. 1988, Pubmed
Triller, Size and shape of glycine receptor clusters in a central neuron exhibit a somato-dendritic gradient. 1990, Pubmed
Triller, Distribution of glycine receptors at central synapses: an immunoelectron microscopy study. 1985, Pubmed
Tsui, Variation in the ratio of acetylcholine receptors and the Mr 43,000 receptor-associated protein in embryonic chick myotubes and myoblasts. 1990, Pubmed
Walker, The 43-K protein, v1, associated with acetylcholine receptor containing membrane fragments is an actin-binding protein. 1984, Pubmed
Wallace, Agrin induces phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. 1991, Pubmed
Wennogle, Transmembrane orientation of proteins present in acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes from Torpedo marmorata studied by selective proteolysis. 1980, Pubmed
Witzemann, Characterization and distribution of acetylcholine receptors and acetylcholinesterase during electric organ development in Torpedo marmorata. 1983, Pubmed