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BMC Biochem
2004 Dec 17;51:18. doi: 10.1186/1471-2091-5-18.
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Identification of alpha-type subunits of the Xenopus 20S proteasome and analysis of their changes during the meiotic cell cycle.
Wakata Y
,
Tokumoto M
,
Horiguchi R
,
Ishikawa K
,
Nagahama Y
,
Tokumoto T
.
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BACKGROUND: The 26S proteasome is the proteolytic machinery of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system responsible for most of the regulated intracellular protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. Previously, we demonstrated meiotic cell cycle dependent phosphorylation of alpha4 subunit of the 26S proteasome. In this study, we analyzed the changes in the spotting pattern separated by 2-D gel electrophoresis of alpha subunits during Xenopus oocyte maturation. RESULTS: We identified cDNA for three alpha-type subunits (alpha1, alpha5 and alpha6) of Xenopus, then prepared antibodies specific for five subunits (alpha1, alpha3, alpha5, alpha6, and alpha7). With these antibodies and previously described monoclonal antibodies for subunits alpha2 and alpha4, modifications to all alpha-type subunits of the 26S proteasome during Xenopus meiotic maturation were examined by 2D-PAGE. More than one spot for all subunits except alpha7 was identified. Immunoblot analysis of 26S proteasomes purified from immature and mature oocytes showed a difference in the blots of alpha2 and alpha4, with an additional spot detected in the 26S proteasome from immature oocytes (in G2-phase). CONCLUSIONS: Six of alpha-type subunits of the Xenopus 26S proteasome are modified in Xenopus immature oocytes and two subunits (alpha2 and alpha4) are modified meiotic cell cycle-dependently.
Figure 1. Amino acid sequence comparison of the Xenopus, human, Drosophila, and Yeast α1, α5 and α6 proteasome subunits. Amino acid sequence comparisons of α1 (A), α5 (B) and α6 (C) proteasome subunits are indicated. Matched sequences are boxed. Consensus sequences for calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), cAMP/cGMP-dependent kinase (cAMP/cGMP), casein kinase II (CKII) and Ca2+-dependent kinase (PKC) are indicated. The numbers refer to the amino acid position at the end of each line.
Figure 2. Amino acid sequence comparison of the Xenopus proteasomal α subunits. Matched sequences are boxed. The proteasomal α-type and β-type signatures were detemined by using the 'PROSITE' database [17] and are boxed. The numbers refer to the amino acid position at the end of each line.
Figure 3. Immunoblotting of the cytosol fraction and purified 26S proteasome. The cytosol fraction and purified 26S proteasome were electrophoresed under denaturing conditions (10.0% gel) and stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBBR), or immunostained with antibodies for α subunits of the 20S proteasome. Lanes cyt and 26S indicate the cytosol fraction and the 26S proteasome from immature oocytes, respectively. Molecular masses of standard proteins are indicated at the left. Protein bands of each subunit are indicated by arrows.
Figure 4. 2D-PAGE analysis of 26S proteasomes from immature and mature oocytes. The 26S proteasomes from immature (I) and mature (M) oocytes were subjected to 2D-PAGE followed by immunostaining with polyclonal antibodies against each of the Xenopus 20S proteasome subunits as indicated. The spots detected by each antibody are represented at high magnification and indicated by arrows. The spots differing between immature and mature oocytes are indicated by asterisks.
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