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ACS Chem Biol
2014 Oct 17;910:2283-90. doi: 10.1021/cb500323d.
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Functional evaluation of key interactions evident in the structure of the eukaryotic Cys-loop receptor GluCl.
Daeffler KN
,
Lester HA
,
Dougherty DA
.
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The publication of the first high-resolution crystal structure of a eukaryotic Cys-loop receptor, GluClα, has provided valuable structural information on this important class of ligand-gated ion channels (LGIC). However, limited functional data exist for the GluCl receptors. Before applying the structural insights from GluCl to mammalian Cys-loop receptors such as nicotinic acetylcholine and GABA receptors, it is important to ensure that established functional features of mammalian Cys-loop receptors are present in the more distantly related GluCl receptors. Here, we seek to identify ligand-binding interactions that are generally associated with Cys-loop receptors, including the frequently observed cation-π interaction. Our studies were performed on the highly homologous GluClβ receptor, because GluClα is not activated by glutamate in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Mutagenesis of the signal peptide and pore lining helix was performed to enhance functional expression and sensitivity to applied ligand, respectively. Conventional and unnatural amino acid mutagenesis indicate a strong cation-π interaction between Y206 and the protonated amine of glutamate, as well as other important ionic and hydrogen bond interactions between the ligand and the binding site, consistent with the crystal structure.
Figure 1. Glutamate binding site and predicted electrostatic interactions
between the ligand and its surrounding amino acids. Residues from
the primary face are colored in green and the complementary face in
blue.
Figure 2. Chemical structures of amino acids used in this study.
Figure 3. Plot of cationâÏ binding energy vs mutant receptor
loss-of-function at Y206. A linear trend is indicative of an electrostatic
interaction with the face of the residue examined. Data for both the
wild type and α signal peptide-containing templates are plotted
together and indicate no effect of altering the signal peptide on
receptor function.
Figure 4. Predicted
hydrogen bond interactions between the primary and complementary
subunits near the ligand-binding site in the 3RIF crystal structure.
Residues on the primary face are shown in green, residues on the complementary
face in blue, and glutamate in white. Hydrogen bond network between
(A) the C loop of the primary subunit and the F loop of the complementary
subunit and (B) the B loop of the primary subunit and the E loop of
the complementary subunit.
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