Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Multidirectional Changes in Parameters related to Sulfur Metabolism in Frog Tissues exposed to Heavy Metal-related Stress.
Kaczor-Kamińska M
,
Sura P
,
Wróbel M
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The investigations showed changes of the cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST) and rhodanese (TST) activity and gene expression in the brain, heart, liver, kidney, skeletal muscles and testes in frogs Pelophylaxridibundus, Xenopuslaevis and Xenopus tropicalis in response to Pb2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+ stress. The results were analyzed jointly with changes in the expression of selected antioxidant enzymes (cytoplasmic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and thioredoxin reducatase) and with the level of malondialdehyde (a product of lipid peroxidation). The obtained results allowed for confirming the role of sulfurtransferases in the antioxidant protection of tissues exposed to heavy metal ions. Our results revealed different transcriptional responses of the investigated tissues to each of the examined heavy metals. The CTH, MPST and TST genes might be regarded as heavy metal stress-responsive. The CTH gene expression up-regulation was confirmed in the liver (Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+) and skeletal muscle (Hg2+), MPST in the brain (Pb2+, Hg2+), kidney (Pb2+, Cd2+), skeletal muscle (Pb2+, Hg2+,Cd2+) and TST in the brain (Pb2+) and kidney (Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+). Lead, mercury and cadmium toxicity was demonstrated to affect the glutathione (GSH) and cysteine levels, the concentration ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione ([GSH]/[GSSG]) and the level of sulfane sulfur-containing compounds, which in case of enhanced reactive oxygen species generation can reveal their antioxidative properties. The present report is the first to widely describe the role of the sulfane sulfur/H2S generating enzymes and the cysteine/glutathione system in Pb2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+ stress in various frog tissues, and to explore the mechanisms mediating heavy metal-related stress.
Figure 1. The thiol-based mechanism of antioxidant defense system (catalase (CAT); glutathione peroxidase (GPx); glutathione reductase (GR); thiol containing proteins (P-SH); reactive oxygen species (ROS); superoxide dismutase (SOD); thioredoxin (Trx)).
Figure 2. L-cysteine metabolism. Green colorâthe non-oxidative pathway of L-cysteine (Cys-S-S-S-Cys-thiocystine; Cys-S-S-Cys-cystine; Cys-S-SH-thiocysteine), blue colorâthe L-cysteine dioxygenase-initiated oxygen transformation pathway, gray colorâthe thiosulfate cycle that can produce hydrogen sulfide, brown colorâother biologically important compounds for which the cysteine serves as a precursor, sulfane sulfur is marked in red (modified according to [19]). Proteins abbreviations: cystathionine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase (CSD); cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH); persulfide dioxygenase (ETHE1); aspartate aminotransferase (GOT); sulfide quinone reductase-like protein (SQRDL); sulfite oxidase (SUOX); thioredoxin (Trx); rhodanese (TST).
Figure 3. The redox cycle of the catalytically active Cys 247 residue of MPST (reduced glutathione (GSH); dithiothreitol (DTT); thioredoxin reductase (Trx); sulfur oxide (SOx)) (modified according to [22]).
Adler,
Role of redox potential and reactive oxygen species in stress signaling.
1999, Pubmed
Adler,
Role of redox potential and reactive oxygen species in stress signaling.
1999,
Pubmed
Aoi,
Importance of pH homeostasis in metabolic health and diseases: crucial role of membrane proton transport.
2014,
Pubmed
Arnér,
Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase.
2000,
Pubmed
Barrett,
Regulation of PTP1B via glutathionylation of the active site cysteine 215.
1999,
Pubmed
Birben,
Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense.
2012,
Pubmed
Davies,
Oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and damage removal, repair, and replacement systems.
2000,
Pubmed
Dominick,
A new and versatile method for determination of thiolamines of biological importance.
2001,
Pubmed
Dröge,
Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function.
2002,
Pubmed
Flora,
Heavy metal induced oxidative stress & its possible reversal by chelation therapy.
2008,
Pubmed
Hildebrandt,
Three enzymatic activities catalyze the oxidation of sulfide to thiosulfate in mammalian and invertebrate mitochondria.
2008,
Pubmed
Hunt,
Genomic instability and catalase gene amplification induced by chronic exposure to oxidative stress.
1998,
Pubmed
Jia,
Hydrogen sulfide - cysteine cycle system enhances cadmium tolerance through alleviating cadmium-induced oxidative stress and ion toxicity in Arabidopsis roots.
2016,
Pubmed
Kaczor,
Exposure to lead in water and cysteine non-oxidative metabolism in Pelophylax ridibundus tissues.
2013,
Pubmed
Kaczor-Kamińska,
Effect of glycosaminoglycans accumulation on the non-oxidative sulfur metabolism in mouse model of Sanfilippo syndrome, type B.
2019,
Pubmed
Lehmann,
Metal ions affecting the immune system.
2011,
Pubmed
LOWRY,
Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.
1951,
Pubmed
Lynes,
Heavy metal ions in normal physiology, toxic stress, and cytoprotection.
2007,
Pubmed
MATSUO,
A crystalline enzyme that cleaves homoserine and cystathionine. I. Isolation procedure and some physicochemical properties.
1958,
Pubmed
Myers,
Hexavalent chromium causes the oxidation of thioredoxin in human bronchial epithelial cells.
2008,
Pubmed
Nagahara,
Thioredoxin-dependent enzymatic activation of mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. An intersubunit disulfide bond serves as a redox switch for activation.
2007,
Pubmed
Nagahara,
Is novel signal transducer sulfur oxide involved in the redox cycle of persulfide at the catalytic site cysteine in a stable reaction intermediate of mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase?
2012,
Pubmed
Nagahara,
Catalytic site cysteines of thiol enzyme: sulfurtransferases.
2011,
Pubmed
Nandi,
Rhodanese as a thioredoxin oxidase.
2000,
Pubmed
Paulsen,
Cysteine-mediated redox signaling: chemistry, biology, and tools for discovery.
2013,
Pubmed
Prati,
A comparative study of the toxicity of mercury dichloride and methylmercury, assayed by the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay--Xenopus (FETAX).
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Scandalios,
Oxidative stress: molecular perception and transduction of signals triggering antioxidant gene defenses.
2005,
Pubmed
Selvi,
Investigation of acute toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2 . H2O) metal salt and behavioral changes it causes on water frog (Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771).
2003,
Pubmed
Shacter,
Quantification and significance of protein oxidation in biological samples.
2000,
Pubmed
Sharma,
The relationship between metal toxicity and cellular redox imbalance.
2009,
Pubmed
Shinkai,
Sulfane Sulfur in Toxicology: A Novel Defense System Against Electrophilic Stress.
2019,
Pubmed
Spitz,
Oxygen toxicity in control and H2O2-resistant Chinese hamster fibroblast cell lines.
1990,
Pubmed
Stadtman,
Protein oxidation in aging and age-related diseases.
2001,
Pubmed
Stadtman,
Free radical-mediated oxidation of free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins.
2003,
Pubmed
Stadtman,
Oxidation of methionine residues of proteins: biological consequences.
2003,
Pubmed
Stipanuk,
Sulfur amino acid metabolism: pathways for production and removal of homocysteine and cysteine.
2004,
Pubmed
Sura,
Season dependent response of the Marsh frog (Rana ridibunda) to cadmium exposure.
2006,
Pubmed
Sura,
Cadmium toxicity related to cysteine metabolism and glutathione levels in frog Rana ridibunda tissues.
2006,
Pubmed
Sura,
Effect of mercury ions on cysteine metabolism in Xenopus laevis tissues.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Šuran,
Malondialdehyde and heavy metal concentrations in tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) from central Croatia.
2013,
Pubmed
Toohey,
Sulphane sulphur in biological systems: a possible regulatory role.
1989,
Pubmed
Valentine,
3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (EC 2.8.1.2): a simple assay adapted to human blood cells.
1974,
Pubmed
Vogiatzis,
Exposure of Rana ridibunda to lead I. Study of lead accumulation in various tissues and hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity.
1999,
Pubmed
Wang,
Soil contamination and plant uptake of heavy metals at polluted sites in China.
2003,
Pubmed
Wood,
Sulfane sulfur.
1987,
Pubmed
Wróbel,
Sulfurtransferases and cyanide detoxification in mouse liver, kidney, and brain.
2004,
Pubmed
Zelko,
Superoxide dismutase multigene family: a comparison of the CuZn-SOD (SOD1), Mn-SOD (SOD2), and EC-SOD (SOD3) gene structures, evolution, and expression.
2002,
Pubmed
