Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Biology (Basel)
2022 Aug 02;118:. doi: 10.3390/biology11081162.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Picrotoxin Delineates Different Transport Configurations for Malate and γ Aminobutyric Acid through TaALMT1.
Ramesh SA
,
Long Y
,
Dashtbani-Roozbehani A
,
Gilliham M
,
Brown MH
,
Tyerman SD
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Plant-derived pharmacological agents have been used extensively to dissect the structure-function relationships of mammalian GABA receptors and ion channels. Picrotoxin is a non-competitive antagonist of mammalian GABAA receptors. Here, we report that picrotoxin inhibits the anion (malate) efflux mediated by wheat (Triticum aestivum) ALMT1 but has no effect on GABA transport. The EC50 for inhibition was 0.14 nM and 0.18 nM when the ALMTs were expressed in tobacco BY2 cells and in Xenopus oocytes, respectively. Patch clamping of the oocyte plasma membrane expressing wheat ALMT1 showed that picrotoxin inhibited malate currents from both sides of the membrane. These results demonstrate that picrotoxin inhibits anion efflux effectively and can be used as a new inhibitor to study the ion fluxes mediated by ALMT proteins that allow either GABA or anion transport.
Bouché,
GABA signaling: a conserved and ubiquitous mechanism.
2003, Pubmed
Bouché,
GABA signaling: a conserved and ubiquitous mechanism.
2003,
Pubmed
Bown,
The Metabolism and Functions of [gamma]-Aminobutyric Acid.
1997,
Pubmed
Bown,
Gamma-aminobutyrate: defense against invertebrate pests?
2006,
Pubmed
Bown,
Insect footsteps on leaves stimulate the accumulation of 4-aminobutyrate and can be visualized through increased chlorophyll fluorescence and superoxide production.
2002,
Pubmed
Chang,
Site-specific fluorescence reveals distinct structural changes with GABA receptor activation and antagonism.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Condie,
Cleft palate in mice with a targeted mutation in the gamma-aminobutyric acid-producing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase 67.
1997,
Pubmed
Crawford,
The Synthesis of [gamma]-Aminobutyric Acid in Response to Treatments Reducing Cytosolic pH.
1994,
Pubmed
Delhaize,
Aluminum Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants.
1995,
Pubmed
Dibas,
Identification of a novel residue within the second transmembrane domain that confers use-facilitated block by picrotoxin in glycine alpha 1 receptors.
2002,
Pubmed
Erkkila,
Stoichiometric pore mutations of the GABAAR reveal a pattern of hydrogen bonding with picrotoxin.
2008,
Pubmed
Etter,
Picrotoxin blockade of invertebrate glutamate-gated chloride channels: subunit dependence and evidence for binding within the pore.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hawthorne,
A picrotoxin-specific conformational change in the glycine receptor M2-M3 loop.
2005,
Pubmed
Huang,
Potassium channel activity recorded from the apical membrane of freshly isolated epithelial cells in rat caudal epididymis.
1999,
Pubmed
John,
The reaction of amino-oxyacetate with pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes.
1978,
Pubmed
Kamran,
Role of TaALMT1 malate-GABA transporter in alkaline pH tolerance of wheat.
2020,
Pubmed
Kash,
Coupling of agonist binding to channel gating in the GABA(A) receptor.
2003,
Pubmed
Kawasaki,
Manipulating exudate composition from root apices shapes the microbiome throughout the root system.
2021,
Pubmed
Kruger,
A yellow fluorescent protein-based assay for high-throughput screening of glycine and GABAA receptor chloride channels.
2005,
Pubmed
Legendre,
Pharmacological evidence for two types of postsynaptic glycinergic receptors on the Mauthner cell of 52-h-old zebrafish larvae.
1997,
Pubmed
Livingston,
Vigabatrin in the treatment of epilepsy in children.
1989,
Pubmed
Long,
Cytosolic GABA inhibits anion transport by wheat ALMT1.
2020,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lynch,
Mutations affecting the glycine receptor agonist transduction mechanism convert the competitive antagonist, picrotoxin, into an allosteric potentiator.
1995,
Pubmed
Magri,
A novel homozygous mutation in GAD1 gene described in a schizophrenic patient impairs activity and dimerization of GAD67 enzyme.
2018,
Pubmed
Maksaev,
Expressing and characterizing mechanosensitive channels in Xenopus oocytes.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mekonnen,
Gamma-aminobutyric acid depletion affects stomata closure and drought tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana.
2016,
Pubmed
Newland,
On the mechanism of action of picrotoxin on GABA receptor channels in dissociated sympathetic neurones of the rat.
1992,
Pubmed
Olsen,
Picrotoxin-like channel blockers of GABAA receptors.
2006,
Pubmed
Palanivelu,
Pollen tube growth and guidance is regulated by POP2, an Arabidopsis gene that controls GABA levels.
2003,
Pubmed
Ramesh,
GABA signalling modulates plant growth by directly regulating the activity of plant-specific anion transporters.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ramesh,
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling in plants.
2017,
Pubmed
Rho,
Direct activation of GABAA receptors by barbiturates in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
1996,
Pubmed
Roberts,
Does GABA Act as a Signal in Plants?: Hints from Molecular Studies.
2007,
Pubmed
Sedelnikova,
Stoichiometry of a pore mutation that abolishes picrotoxin-mediated antagonism of the GABAA receptor.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Serraj,
Accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid in nodulated soybean in response to drought stress.
1998,
Pubmed
Shelp,
Extracellular gamma-aminobutyrate mediates communication between plants and other organisms.
2006,
Pubmed
Shelp,
Metabolism and functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
1999,
Pubmed
Snedden,
Proton/l-Glutamate Symport and the Regulation of Intracellular pH in Isolated Mesophyll Cells.
1992,
Pubmed
Trott,
AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading.
2010,
Pubmed
Wang,
Structural basis of ALMT1-mediated aluminum resistance in Arabidopsis.
2022,
Pubmed
Xu,
GABA signalling modulates stomatal opening to enhance plant water use efficiency and drought resilience.
2021,
Pubmed
Xu,
Interaction of picrotoxin with GABAA receptor channel-lining residues probed in cysteine mutants.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yoon,
Multiple mechanisms of picrotoxin block of GABA-induced currents in rat hippocampal neurons.
1993,
Pubmed
