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Negretti MI
,
Böse N
,
Petri N
,
Kremnyov S
,
Tsikolia N
.
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Development of visceral left-right asymmetry in bilateria is based on initial symmetry breaking followed by subsequent asymmetric molecular patterning. An important step is the left-sided expression of transcription factor pitx2 which is mediated by asymmetric expression of the nodal morphogen in the leftlateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates. Processes leading to emergence of the asymmetric nodal domain differ depending on the mode of symmetry breaking. In Xenopus laevis and mouse embryos, the leftward fluid flow on the ventral surface of the left-rightorganizer leads through intermediate steps to enhanced activity of the nodal protein on the left side of the organizer and subsequent asymmetric nodal induction in the lateral plate mesoderm. In the chick embryo, asymmetric morphogenesis of axial organs leads to paraxial nodal asymmetry during the late gastrulation stage. Although it was shown that hedgehog signaling is required for initiation of the nodal expression, the mechanism of its asymmetry remains to be clarified. In this study, we established the activation of hedgehog signaling in early chick embryos to further study its role in the initiation of asymmetric nodal expression. Our data reveal that hedgehog signaling is sufficient to induce the nodal expression in competent domains of the chick embryo, while treatment of Xenopus embryos led to moderate nodal inhibition. We discuss the role of symmetry breaking and competence in the initiation of asymmetric gene expression.
FIGURE 3. Inhibition of nodal1 expression in the lateral plate mesoderm of X. laevis embryos after treatment with an activator of hedgehog signaling. (A) Treatment with SAG leads to inhibition of nodal1 expression as compared to control embryos. (B) Example of left-sided nodal1 expression; (C) example of suppressed nodal1 expression. Intersecting arrows indicate anatomical axes. Numbers at the base of columns represent a number of analyzed embryos. *p < 0.05 (0.023) as compared to control and two-proportions z-test.
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