Locascio A , Annona G , Caccavale F , D'Aniello S , Agnisola C , Palumbo A .

             nitric oxide homeostasis

	Figure 1. Schematic resuming of all major transformations putatively involved in nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis. Under normoxic conditions, NO is synthesized by Nos enzymes from L-arginine. In organisms possessing the ornithine–urea cycle (OUC), the co-product of the reaction, L-citrulline, is reconverted to L-arginine (the citrulline–NO cycle). NO signaling may occur by (i) forming an iron-nitrosyl complex with hemoproteins; (ii) promoting protein post-translational modifications via S-nitrosylation, forming S-nitroso compounds with thiol residues (SNO); and (iii) forming N-nitroso (NNO) compounds. NO can be (i) rapidly converted to nitrite with dissolved O2 by NO scavenging reactions or can be (ii) inactivated to nitrate by oxygenated heme proteins. Excess NO (iii) can react with superoxide to form peroxynitrite (ONOO−), which in turn can interact with lipids, DNA, and proteins to give nitrated derivatives or (iv) react with oxygen to form N2O3, which interacts with thiol groups to give nitrosylated proteins. When de novo production via Nos is compromised under low O2, NO can be produced by nitrite reduction in heme proteins (the globin–NO cycle), possibly associated with nitrate conversion to nitrite by xanthine oxidoreductase. The interactions with arginine and protein homeostasis may be significant in determining the balance between NO formation and scavenging.
	Figure 2. Nos repertoire in deuterostomes. Silhouettes are from PhyloPic (PhyloPic—free silhouette images of life forms) and represent the following: (1) Human (Homo sapiens); (2) Frog (Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis); (3) Chicken (Gallus gallus); (4) Lizard (Anolis carolinensis); (5) Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae); (6) Medaka (Oryzias latipes); (7) Carp (Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, and Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis); (8) Zebrafish (Danio rerio); (9) Northern pike (Esox lucius); (10) Salmon (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo salar); (11) Elephant fish (Paramormyrops kingsleyae); (12) Spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus); (13) Bowfin (Amia calva); (14) Sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus); (15) Bichir (Polypterus senegalus); (16) Shark (Scyliorhinus torazame); (17) Lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum, Petromyzon marinus); (18) Sea squirt (Ciona robusta and Ciona savignyi); (19) Amphioxus (Asymmetron lucayanum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Branchiostoma floridae, and Branchiostoma lanceolatum); (20) Sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). Abbreviations: Cs4R, carp-specific genome duplication; Ss4R, salmonid-specific genome duplication; TGD, teleost genome duplication; VGD, vertebrate genome duplication.
	Figure 3. Comparison of the major physiological functions of NO in aquatic chordates. The NO roles in immunity, reproduction, feeding and gut function, neuro-modulation, and development are common to all chordates (green). The role in locomotion is conserved among vertebrates and tunicates (lilac), but no data are available in cephalochordates (question mark). NO function in metamorphosis is common to all chordates with an indirect development (light brown). Cardio-respiratory modulation by NO is reported in vertebrates and tunicates (orange).

Agnisola, Role of nitric oxide in the control of coronary resistance in teleosts. 2005, Pubmed

Agnisola, Role of nitric oxide in the control of coronary resistance in teleosts. 2005, Pubmed
Akinrinade, Evolutionarily conserved role of oxytocin in social fear contagion in zebrafish. 2023, Pubmed
Allen, Evolution and metabolic significance of the urea cycle in photosynthetic diatoms. 2011, Pubmed
Andreakis, Evolution of the nitric oxide synthase family in metazoans. 2011, Pubmed
Annona, Expression Pattern of nos1 in the Developing Nervous System of Ray-Finned Fish. 2022, Pubmed
Annona, Evolution of the notochord. 2015, Pubmed
Annona, Evolution of the nitric oxide synthase family in vertebrates and novel insights in gill development. 2022, Pubmed
Annona, Nitric Oxide regulates mouth development in amphioxus. 2017, Pubmed
Arnsrud Godtman, Constitutive expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in healthy rat urothelium? 2021, Pubmed
Bahadoran, Role of Nitric Oxide in Insulin Secretion and Glucose Metabolism. 2020, Pubmed
Bishop, Regulation of metamorphosis in ascidians involves NO/cGMP signaling and HSP90. 2001, Pubmed
Bladowski, Role of the Platelets and Nitric Oxide Biotransformation in Ischemic Stroke: A Translative Review from Bench to Bedside. 2020, Pubmed
Blom, Functional localization of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway in the salamander retina. 2009, Pubmed
Bordieri, Partial cloning of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) cDNA and regional distribution of nNOS mRNA in the central nervous system of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. 2005, Pubmed
Bosi, Parasites and the neuroendocrine control of fish intestinal function: an ancient struggle between pathogens and host. 2022, Pubmed
Bradley, Nitric oxide synthase regulates morphogenesis of zebrafish spinal cord motoneurons. 2010, Pubmed
Brunelli, Localization of two nitric oxide synthase isoforms, eNOS and iNOS, in the skin of Triturus italicus (Amphibia, Urodela) during development. 2005, Pubmed
Brüning, Nitric oxide synthase in the peripheral nervous system of the goldfish, Carassius auratus. 1996, Pubmed
Caccavale, Crosstalk between nitric oxide and retinoic acid pathways is essential for amphioxus pharynx development. 2021, Pubmed
Caccavale, Transphyletic conservation of nitric oxide synthase regulation in cephalochordates and tunicates. 2020, Pubmed
Calabrese, Nitric oxide in the central nervous system: neuroprotection versus neurotoxicity. 2007, Pubmed
Caldwell, Arginase: an old enzyme with new tricks. 2015, Pubmed
Caldwell, Arginase: A Multifaceted Enzyme Important in Health and Disease. 2018, Pubmed
Campos-Perez, The gills are an important site of iNOS expression in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss after challenge with the gram-positive pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum. 2000, Pubmed
Carreño Gutiérrez, Nitric oxide interacts with monoamine oxidase to modulate aggression and anxiety-like behaviour. 2020, Pubmed
Casper, Post-transcriptional regulation of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by the cytosolic poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). 2013, Pubmed
Castellano, Nitric oxide affects ERK signaling through down-regulation of MAP kinase phosphatase levels during larval development of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. 2014, Pubmed
Ceccotti, Neurochemical characterization of myenteric neurons in the juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) intestine. 2018, Pubmed
Chen, Characterization and expression of two amphioxus DDAH genes originating from an amphioxus-specific gene duplication. 2008, Pubmed
Cioni, Nitric Oxide and the Neuroendocrine Control of the Osmotic Stress Response in Teleosts. 2019, Pubmed
Colasanti, Nitric oxide in invertebrates. 1998, Pubmed
Colasanti, Nitric oxide involvement in Hydra vulgaris very primitive olfactory-like system. 1997, Pubmed
Comes, Regulatory roles of nitric oxide during larval development and metamorphosis in Ciona intestinalis. 2007, Pubmed
Corti, Globin X is a six-coordinate globin that reduces nitrite to nitric oxide in fish red blood cells. 2016, Pubmed
Cristino, Nitric oxide synthase expression and cell changes in dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn of developing and adult Rana esculenta indicate a role of nitric oxide in limb metamorphosis. 2004, Pubmed
Daiber, Oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to traffic noise-induced vascular and cerebral dysfunction via uncoupling of nitric oxide synthases. 2020, Pubmed
de Barros, Nitric oxide production by hemocytes of the ascidian Styela plicata. 2009, Pubmed
de Barros, Norepinephrine depresses the nitric oxide production in the ascidian hemocytes. 2012, Pubmed
Dehal, Two rounds of whole genome duplication in the ancestral vertebrate. 2005, Pubmed
Denicola, Peroxynitrite-mediated cytotoxicity to Trypanosoma cruzi. 1993, Pubmed
Donald, The evolution of nitric oxide signalling in vertebrate blood vessels. 2015, Pubmed
Ebbesson, Nitric oxide synthase in the gill of Atlantic salmon: colocalization with and inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase. 2005, Pubmed
Ercolesi, Protein nitration as footprint of oxidative stress-related nitric oxide signaling pathways in developing Ciona intestinalis. 2012, Pubmed
Filby, Unravelling the neurophysiological basis of aggression in a fish model. 2010, Pubmed
Filice, Hypoxic and Thermal Stress: Many Ways Leading to the NOS/NO System in the Fish Heart. 2021, Pubmed
Forlenza, Heterogeneity of macrophage activation in fish. 2011, Pubmed
Förstermann, Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function. 2012, Pubmed
Fritsche, Nitric oxide and vascular reactivity in developing zebrafish, Danio rerio. 2000, Pubmed
Fukuto, Hydropersulfides (RSSH) and Nitric Oxide (NO) Signaling: Possible Effects on S-Nitrosothiols (RS-NO). 2022, Pubmed
Gambardella, Arginine and Endothelial Function. 2020, Pubmed
Garofalo, Morpho-functional effects of heat stress on the gills of Antarctic T. bernacchii and C. hamatus. 2019, Pubmed
Gattuso, Hypoxia Tolerance in Teleosts: Implications of Cardiac Nitrosative Signals. 2018, Pubmed
Gerber, Dynamic changes in nitric oxide synthase expression are involved in seawater acclimation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 2018, Pubmed
Gerber, Cortisol regulates nitric oxide synthase in freshwater and seawater acclimated rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. 2017, Pubmed
Gibbins, Distribution of neurons reactive for NADPH-diaphorase in the branchial nerves of a teleost fish, Gadus morhua. 1995, Pubmed
Giordano, Nitric Oxide Production and Regulation in the Teleost Cardiovascular System. 2022, Pubmed
Godoy, S-Nitrosogluthathione reductase activity of amphioxus ADH3: insights into the nitric oxide metabolism. 2006, Pubmed
Gupta, Molecular signatures that are distinctive characteristics of the vertebrates and chordates and supporting a grouping of vertebrates with the tunicates. 2016, Pubmed
Hachoumi, Developmental stage-dependent switching in the neuromodulation of vertebrate locomotor central pattern generator networks. 2020, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hansen, Nitric oxide metabolites in goldfish under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. 2010, Pubmed
Hansen, The roles of tissue nitrate reductase activity and myoglobin in securing nitric oxide availability in deeply hypoxic crucian carp. 2016, Pubmed
Harumi, Expression of membrane-bound and soluble guanylyl cyclase mRNAs in embryonic and adult retina of the medaka fish Oryzias latipes. 2003, Pubmed
Hazut, Nitric oxide and l-arginine regulate feeding in satiated rats. 2019, Pubmed
Hedrick, Nitric oxide changes its role as a modulator of respiratory motor activity during development in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). 2005, Pubmed
Henard, Nitric oxide and salmonella pathogenesis. 2011, Pubmed
Heyland, Signaling mechanisms underlying metamorphic transitions in animals. 2006, Pubmed
Hill, What part of NO don't you understand? Some answers to the cardinal questions in nitric oxide biology. 2010, Pubmed
Hirst, Nitric oxide physiology and pathology. 2011, Pubmed
Holmberg, The effects of endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide on gut motility in zebrafish Danio rerio embryos and larvae. 2006, Pubmed
Holmqvist, The early ontogeny of neuronal nitric oxide synthase systems in the zebrafish. 2004, Pubmed
Hyndman, Neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the gill of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. 2006, Pubmed
Imanishi, Diversity of guanylate cyclase-activating proteins (GCAPs) in teleost fish: characterization of three novel GCAPs (GCAP4, GCAP5, GCAP7) from zebrafish (Danio rerio) and prediction of eight GCAPs (GCAP1-8) in pufferfish (Fugu rubripes). 2004, Pubmed
Imbrogno, Nitric oxide improves the hemodynamic performance of the hypoxic goldfish (Carassius auratus) heart. 2014, Pubmed
Imbrogno, The evolutionary functions of cardiac NOS/NO in vertebrates tracked by fish and amphibian paradigms. 2011, Pubmed
Imbrogno, Shaping the cardiac response to hypoxia: NO and its partners in teleost fish. 2022, Pubmed
Jacox, The extreme anterior domain is an essential craniofacial organizer acting through Kinin-Kallikrein signaling. 2014, Pubmed , Xenbase
Jansson, A mammalian functional nitrate reductase that regulates nitrite and nitric oxide homeostasis. 2008, Pubmed
Jay, Effects of nitric oxide on neuromuscular properties of developing zebrafish embryos. 2014, Pubmed
Jeseta, Nitric oxide-donor SNAP induces Xenopus eggs activation. 2012, Pubmed , Xenbase
Jiménez, Immunohistochemical localisation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the rainbow trout kidney. 2001, Pubmed
Johnson, Reactive oxygen species and anti-oxidant defenses in tail of tadpoles, Xenopus laevis. 2013, Pubmed , Xenbase
Khan, Peripheral or central administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor affects feeding behavior in chicks. 2007, Pubmed
Kobayashi, Nitric oxide generation around buccal ganglia accompanying feeding behavior in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. 2000, Pubmed
Kong, Neural crest development and craniofacial morphogenesis is coordinated by nitric oxide and histone acetylation. 2014, Pubmed
Lehnert, Preface for the inorganic chemistry forum: the coordination chemistry of nitric oxide and its significance for metabolism, signaling, and toxicity in biology. 2010, Pubmed
Lepiller, Imaging of nitric oxide in a living vertebrate using a diamino-fluorescein probe. 2007, Pubmed
Li, The dual role of cGMP in oocyte maturation of zebrafish. 2018, Pubmed
Liepe, Nitric oxide synthase in Müller cells and neurons of salamander and fish retina. 1994, Pubmed
Lin, Characterization of the immune defense related tissues, cells, and genes in amphioxus. 2011, Pubmed
Locascio, Novel Insights on Nitric Oxide Synthase and NO Signaling in Ascidian Metamorphosis. 2022, Pubmed
Losada, Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of iNOS expression in turbot (Psetta maxima) infected with Enteromyxum scophthalmi. 2012, Pubmed
Maake, Neurohormonal peptides, serotonin, and nitric oxide synthase in the enteric nervous system and endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract of neotenic and thyroid hormone-treated axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum). 1999, Pubmed
Mahapatra, Protein S-nitrosylation: Nitric oxide signalling during anuran tail regression. 2022, Pubmed
Martí I Líndez, Arginine-dependent immune responses. 2021, Pubmed
Mason, Nitric oxide inhibition of respiration involves both competitive (heme) and noncompetitive (copper) binding to cytochrome c oxidase. 2006, Pubmed
Mauceri, Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in the epithelial neuroendocrine cell system and nerve fibers in the gill of the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. 1999, Pubmed
Mikami, Tandem organization of medaka fish soluble guanylyl cyclase alpha1 and beta1 subunit genes. Implications for coordinated transcription of two subunit genes. 1999, Pubmed
Miles, Neuromodulation of vertebrate locomotor control networks. 2011, Pubmed
Mobley, Expression and localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the brain and sensory tissues of the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. 2022, Pubmed
Momma, There is no direct competition between arginase and nitric oxide synthase for the common substrate l-arginine. 2022, Pubmed
Moroz, Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase reactivity and effects of nitric oxide on feeding and locomotory circuitry in the pteropod mollusc, Clione limacina. 2000, Pubmed
Moroz, The diversification and lineage-specific expansion of nitric oxide signaling in Placozoa: insights in the evolution of gaseous transmission. 2020, Pubmed
Moroz, Nitric oxide regulates swimming in the jellyfish Aglantha digitale. 2004, Pubmed
Morris, Enzymes of arginine metabolism. 2004, Pubmed
Mosser, Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. 2008, Pubmed
Nakatani, Reconstruction of proto-vertebrate, proto-cyclostome and proto-gnathostome genomes provides new insights into early vertebrate evolution. 2021, Pubmed
Neumann, Macrophage activating factor(s) secreted by mitogen stimulated goldfish kidney leukocytes synergize with bacterial lipopolysaccharide to induce nitric oxide production in teleost macrophages. 1995, Pubmed
Newcomb, Modulation of swimming in the gastropod Melibe leonina by nitric oxide. 2002, Pubmed
Newton, Regional innervation of the heart in the goldfish, Carassius auratus: a confocal microscopy study. 2014, Pubmed
North, Hematopoietic stem cell development is dependent on blood flow. 2009, Pubmed
Olson, Nervous control of circulation--the role of gasotransmitters, NO, CO, and H2S. 2009, Pubmed
Olsson, Cholecystokinin affects gastric emptying and stomach motility in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 1999, Pubmed
Olsson, The control of gut motility. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Olsson, PACAP and nitric oxide inhibit contractions in the proximal intestine of the atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. 2000, Pubmed
Olsson, Autonomic control of gut motility: a comparative view. 2011, Pubmed
Oyan, Partial cloning of constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases and detailed neuronal expression of NOS mRNA in the cerebellum and optic tectum of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). 2000, Pubmed
Paris, The history of a developmental stage: metamorphosis in chordates. 2008, Pubmed
Park, Tau induces PSD95-neuronal NOS uncoupling and neurovascular dysfunction independent of neurodegeneration. 2020, Pubmed
Pasquier, Evolution of gene expression after whole-genome duplication: New insights from the spotted gar genome. 2017, Pubmed
Pautz, Regulation of NOS expression in vascular diseases. 2021, Pubmed
Pelegrino, Photochemistry of nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols in human skin. 2020, Pubmed
Pellegrino, Nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated vasoconstriction and effects of acetylcholine in the branchial circulation of the eel. 2002, Pubmed
Pelster, NO as a mediator during the early development of the cardiovascular system in the zebrafish. 2005, Pubmed
Peter, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide System as a Biomarker for Stress and Ease Response in Fish: Implication on Na+ Homeostasis During Hypoxia. 2022, Pubmed
Peter, Nitric oxide rectifies acid-base disturbance and modifies thyroid hormone activity during net confinement of air-breathing fish (Anabas testudineus Bloch). 2013, Pubmed
Pirtle, Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Modulates Locomotor Acceleration Induced by Nitric Oxide but not Serotonin in Clione limacina Central Pattern Generator Swim Interneurons. 2021, Pubmed
Poderoso, The effect of nitric oxide on mitochondrial respiration. 2019, Pubmed
Porteus, A role for nitric oxide in the control of breathing in zebrafish (Danio rerio). 2015, Pubmed
Potter, Guanylyl cyclase structure, function and regulation. 2011, Pubmed
Premont, Role of Nitric Oxide Carried by Hemoglobin in Cardiovascular Physiology: Developments on a Three-Gas Respiratory Cycle. 2020, Pubmed
Radzinski, The Cys Sense: Thiol Redox Switches Mediate Life Cycles of Cellular Proteins. 2021, Pubmed
Rettori, Oxytocin stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone from medial basal hypothalamic explants by releasing nitric oxide. 1997, Pubmed
Rochon, Globins and nitric oxide homeostasis in fish embryonic development. 2020, Pubmed
Saeij, Molecular and functional characterization of a fish inducible-type nitric oxide synthase. 2000, Pubmed
Saraiva, Molecular and neuronal homology between the olfactory systems of zebrafish and mouse. 2015, Pubmed
Sarti, Cytochrome c oxidase and nitric oxide in action: molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological implications. 2012, Pubmed
Shepherd, The Evolution of Nitric Oxide Function: From Reactivity in the Prebiotic Earth to Examples of Biological Roles and Therapeutic Applications. 2022, Pubmed
Sillar, Neuromodulation and developmental plasticity in the locomotor system of anuran amphibians during metamorphosis. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Singru, Neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the olfactory system of an adult teleost fish Oreochromis mossambicus. 2003, Pubmed
Stricker, Comparative biology of calcium signaling during fertilization and egg activation in animals. 1999, Pubmed
Stuehr, Nitric oxide synthase enzymology in the 20 years after the Nobel Prize. 2019, Pubmed
Susswein, Nitric oxide as a regulator of behavior: new ideas from Aplysia feeding. 2012, Pubmed
Tewari, Role of Nitric Oxide in Neurodegeneration: Function, Regulation, and Inhibition. 2021, Pubmed
Thomas, Signaling and stress: The redox landscape in NOS2 biology. 2015, Pubmed
Tipsmark, Regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity by nitric oxide in the kidney and gill of the brown trout (Salmo trutta). 2003, Pubmed
Tota, The morphological and functional significance of the NOS/NO system in the respiratory, osmoregulatory, and contractile organs of the African lungfish. 2018, Pubmed
Trajanovska, Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the amphibian, Xenopus tropicalis. 2011, Pubmed , Xenbase
Trapnell, Transcript assembly and quantification by RNA-Seq reveals unannotated transcripts and isoform switching during cell differentiation. 2010, Pubmed
Trischitta, Nitric oxide modulates ionic transport in the isolated intestine of the eel, Anguilla anguilla. 2007, Pubmed
Ueda, An ancient role for nitric oxide in regulating the animal pelagobenthic life cycle: evidence from a marine sponge. 2016, Pubmed
Ueda, Nitric oxide acts as a positive regulator to induce metamorphosis of the ascidian Herdmania momus. 2013, Pubmed
Uyttebroek, The zebrafish mutant lessen: an experimental model for congenital enteric neuropathies. 2016, Pubmed
Veerkamp, Unilateral dampening of Bmp activity by nodal generates cardiac left-right asymmetry. 2013, Pubmed
Vielma, Nitric oxide signaling in the retina: what have we learned in two decades? 2012, Pubmed
Vishnolia, sGC Activity and Regulation of Blood Flow in a Zebrafish Model System. 2021, Pubmed
Vojtech, Host immune response and acute disease in a zebrafish model of Francisella pathogenesis. 2009, Pubmed
Wang, A blood flow-dependent klf2a-NO signaling cascade is required for stabilization of hematopoietic stem cell programming in zebrafish embryos. 2011, Pubmed
Wentzel, Fish Macrophages Show Distinct Metabolic Signatures Upon Polarization. 2020, Pubmed
Wiegertjes, Polarization of immune responses in fish: The 'macrophages first' point of view. 2016, Pubmed
Xiong, S-glutathionylation: from molecular mechanisms to health outcomes. 2011, Pubmed
Xiyuan, NO-sGC Pathway Modulates Ca2+ Release and Muscle Contraction in Zebrafish Skeletal Muscle. 2017, Pubmed
Yaguchi, Sea urchin larvae utilize light for regulating the pyloric opening. 2021, Pubmed
Yaguchi, Evolution of nitric oxide regulation of gut function. 2019, Pubmed
Yamamoto, Localization of the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway-related genes and influences of morpholino knock-down of soluble guanylyl cyclase on medaka fish embryogenesis. 2003, Pubmed
Zaccone, Identification and distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and neurochemical markers in the neuroepithelial cells of the gill and the skin in the giant mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri. 2017, Pubmed
Zaccone, Gill structure and neurochemical markers in the African bonytongue (Heterotis niloticus): A preliminary study. 2022, Pubmed
Zaitseva, Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase activity in organs and tissues of adult ascidians. 2012, Pubmed
Zhou, Bioinformatic comparisons and tissue expression of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene from the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). 2009, Pubmed