Coimbra MAA et al. (2023), Parasite-host relations and new reports of helm...

XB-ART-59982

Parasitol Int 2023 Oct 01;96:102766. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102766.

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Coimbra MAA , Mascarenhas CS , Henzel ABD , Wolter JH , da Silva RRC , da Silveira FL , Müller G .

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This study aimed to analyze helminth assemblage in Rhinella dorbignyi regarding host gender, size and mass in two sampling sites in southern Brazil, and to report new parasite associations. Anurans (n = 100) were collected in two localities from Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil, from 2017 to 2020. Nineteen taxa (adults and larval forms) belonging to Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Digenea, and Cestoda were found in different infection sites. Cosmocercidae gen. spp., Physaloptera liophis, Catadiscus sp., and Cylindrotaenia americana were the dominant taxa in helminth assemblage. Female anurans showed higher helminth species richness than males considering the total sample (two localities) or one of the two localities. However, prevalence and mean intensity of infection did not show any significant difference between genders. Mean intensity of infection was significantly higher (19.52) in Laranjal locality. Host body size does not influence helminth abundance, as infections did not show significant correlation snout-vent length (SVL) nor body mass (BM) of anurans. The findings reveal anurans of R. dorbignyi may be intermediate, paratenic and definitive host for these parasites. Plagiorchioidea helminths (Digenea), Physaloptera liophis, larvae of Acuariidae and Spiroxys sp. (Nematoda), and cystacanth of Lueheia sp. (Acanthocephala) constitute new records for R. dorbignyi. Additionally, this is the first record of Cylindrotaenia americana larvae in this host species. Resulting information increases the knowledge on biodiversity and parasite-host relations and may help future conservation programs developed in ecosystems in the extreme south of Brazil.

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	Graphical abstract
	Fig. 1. Richness of helminth taxa associated with females and males of Rhinella dorbignyi (Anura: Bufonidae) (regardless of sampling site) in southern Brazil. The shaded area represents 95% confidence intervals obtained using the bootstrap method.
	Fig. 2. Mean intensity of infection (MII) of helminths in relation to gender and sampling sites of Rhinella dorbignyi (Anura: Bufonidae) in southern Brazil.* indicates significant difference (p = 0.044).
	Fig. 3. Cluster analysis for the helminth assemblage of Rhinella dorbignyi (Anura: Bufonidae) in southern Brazil (F - Female; M - Male; L - Laranjal; C - UFPel Campus). A - Cluster analysis using the Morisita index, observing the separation of the helminth assemblage in two groups according to the gender and, independent of the localities of the anurans. B - Cluster analysis using Jaccard's index, observing that the anurans (males and females) from Laranjal showed the highest similarity in the helminth assemblage.
	Fig. 4. Richness of helminth taxa associated with females and males of Rhinella dorbignyi (Anura: Bufonidae) at the UFPel Campus, Capão do Leão (A) and at Laranjal, Pelotas (B), southern Brazil. The shaded area represents 95% confidence intervals obtained using the bootstrap method.
	Fig. 5. Richness of helminth taxa associated with Rhinella dorbignyi (Anura: Bufonidae) (regardless of the anurans gender) in southern, Brazil. The shaded area represents 95% confidence intervals obtained using the bootstrap method.