Kislov D et al. (2024), Optothermal Needle-Free Injection of Vaterite N...

XB-ART-60447

Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024 Feb 01;115:e2305202. doi: 10.1002/advs.202305202.

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Optothermal Needle-Free Injection of Vaterite Nanocapsules.

Kislov D , Ofer D , Machnev A , Barhom H , Bobrovs V , Shalin A , Ginzburg P .

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The propulsion and acceleration of nanoparticles with light have both fundamental and applied significance across many disciplines. Needle-free injection of biomedical nano cargoes into living tissues is among the examples. Here a new physical mechanism of laser-induced particle acceleration is explored, based on abnormal optothermal expansion of mesoporous vaterite cargoes. Vaterite nanoparticles, a metastable form of calcium carbonate, are placed on a substrate, underneath a target phantom, and accelerated toward it with the aid of a short femtosecond laser pulse. Light absorption followed by picosecond-scale thermal expansion is shown to elevate the particle's center of mass thus causing acceleration. It is shown that a 2 µm size vaterite particle, being illuminated with 0.5 W average power 100 fsec IR laser, is capable to overcome van der Waals attraction and acquire 15m sec-1 velocity. The demonstrated optothermal laser-driven needle-free injection into a phantom layer and Xenopus oocyte in vitro promotes the further development of light-responsive nanocapsules, which can be equipped with additional optical and biomedical functions for delivery, monitoring, and controllable biomedical dosage to name a few.

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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis

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References [+] :

Agate, Femtosecond optical tweezers for in-situ control of two-photon fluorescence. 2004, Pubmed

	Figure 1 The concept of needle-free nanoparticle injection – nanocargoes on a substrate are accelerated with a short femtosecond laser toward a target tissue. Optothermal expansion is the underlying mechanism, which governs the light-particle interaction.
	Figure 2 a) Schematics of the experimental setup. b) SEM images of vaterite particles. c) Microscope images of vaterite particles on a glass substrate. Left – before interaction with the femtosecond laser. Right – after the interaction, demonstrating one particle missing.
	Figure 3 Schematics of four probable mechanisms, which can govern a laser-induced microparticle jump from the substrate: a) Optomechanical force; b) Coulomb force; c) Material shock waves; d) Optothermal expansion.
	Figure 4 Stages of the optothermal jump – a) laser excitation, b) light absorption, c) thermal expansion, and d) jump. The processes a – d) happen in parallel within a picosecond time scale.
	Figure 5 Particle's velocity as a function of laser pulse duration and average incident power (Equation 8). Blue star marker – v ≈ 22 cm sec-1 experimentally obtained a lower bound estimate (Section 2). Red star marker – v ≈ 15 msec-1 a tighter bound assessed by a ballistic experiment (Section 4).
	Figure 6 a) Schematics of a setup for particle temperature measurements with fluorescent lifetime. b) Lifetime-based particle thermometry with Rhodamine B, infused into vaterite. Red dots – reference lifetime and a function of the environmental temperature (lower x-axis). Green dots – lifetime as the function of an averaged laser poser (upper x-axis). Blue solid line – trendline. Each x-axis point data was measured for 10 particles. c) SEM image of a 2um vaterite, stuck in SU8 polymer layer after the optothermal jump.
	Figure 7 a) Schematic view of the ballistic experiment on Xenopus oocyte. b) 3D confocal image – combined bright field and fluorescence Z-stack. c) 3D view (fluorescence Z-stack) of the fluorescence after launching Vaterite fluorescent particle on the cell.