Divyanshi null and Yang J (2023), Germ plasm dynamics during oogenesis and early ...

XB-ART-60467

Mol Reprod Dev 2023 Dec 21; doi: 10.1002/mrd.23718.

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Germ plasm dynamics during oogenesis and early embryonic development in Xenopus and zebrafish.

Divyanshi , Yang J .

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Specification of the germline and its segregation from the soma mark one of the most crucial events in the lifetime of an organism. In different organisms, this specification can occur through either inheritance or inductive mechanisms. In species such as Xenopus and zebrafish, the specification of primordial germ cells relies on the inheritance of maternal germline determinants that are synthesized and sequestered in the germ plasm during oogenesis. In this review, we discuss the formation of the germ plasm, how germline determinants are recruited into the germ plasm during oogenesis, and the dynamics of the germ plasm during oogenesis and early embryonic development.

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Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: dazl ddx25 ddx4 dnd1 gdf1 grip2 kif13b nanos1 pgat plin2 rbpms2 sox7 tdrd6 vegt velo1 wnt11
GO keywords: embryo development [+]

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	Figure 1 Dria frogs allow visualization of the dynamic nature of germ plasm during different stages of development. (a, b) Ovary tissue containing stage I and early-stage II oocytes. Arrowheads point to the Bb in these oocytes. (c) Two-cell stage embryo with germ plasm at the cleavage furrow. (d) Eight-cell stage embryo with germ plasm aggregated at the cleavage furrow. (e) Stage 8 embryo with germ plasm associated with the membrane of individual pre-PGCs. (f) Dissociated pre-PGCs obtained from a stage 8 embryo. (g) Stage 11 embryo with germ plasm in the perinuclear region of PGCs. (h) Dissociated PGCs from a stage 11 embryo. PGCs, primordial germ cells.


	Figure 4 Schematic representation of the germ plasm RNA localization in zebrafish. (a) “Vegetal germ plasm RNAs” like dazl are localized at the vegetal pole at the time of egg activation and move animally (Kosaka et al., 2007; Theusch et al., 2006). (b) “Animal germ plasm RNAs” like nanos1 and vasa are already localized at the animal hemisphere by the time of egg activation (Köprunner et al., 2001; Kosaka et al., 2007; Theusch et al., 2006; Yoon et al., 1997). Shown here is the localization pattern for vasa RNA.