Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX) is a standardized test used to assess the toxic and teratogenic effects of xenobiotics. With this test, toxic and/or teratogenic concentrations of xenobiotic substances can be determined using morphological parameters such as lethality, length, and malformations in stage 8-11 Xenopus laevis embryos after 96 h exposure. These parameters enable the determination of the median lethal and effective concentrations (LC50 and EC50), minimum concentration to inhibit growth (MCIG), and teratogenic index of the tested chemical to reveal the short-term effects of relatively high concentrations. On the other hand, although FETAX provides quantitative and qualitative data on teratogenicity and toxicity, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of these effects cannot be explained. Recent studies have tried to elucidate the mechanisms causing malformations and to explain the underlying causes of toxicity and teratogenicity by biochemical marker analysis. This chapter describes methods to analyze modified-FETAX and some detoxification and oxidative stress-related biomarkers during the early embryonic development of X. laevis.
Battistoni,
Modified Xenopus laevis approach (R-FETAX) as an alternative test for the evaluation of foetal valproate spectrum disorder.
2022, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Battistoni,
Modified Xenopus laevis approach (R-FETAX) as an alternative test for the evaluation of foetal valproate spectrum disorder.
2022,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bradford,
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.
1976,
Pubmed
Cardoso-Vera,
Comparative study of diclofenac-induced embryotoxicity and teratogenesis in Xenopus laevis and Lithobates catesbeianus, using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX).
2017,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cribb,
Use of a microplate reader in an assay of glutathione reductase using 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid).
1989,
Pubmed
ELLMAN,
A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity.
1961,
Pubmed
Gillardin,
Effects of Aroclor 1254 on oxidative stress in developing Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Güngördü,
Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo toxic effects of newly synthesized benzimidazole-based organophosphorus compounds.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Güngördü,
Comparative assessment of in vitro and in vivo toxicity of azinphos methyl and its commercial formulation.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Güngördü,
Comparative toxicity of methidathion and glyphosate on early life stages of three amphibian species: Pelophylax ridibundus, Pseudepidalea viridis, and Xenopus laevis.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gurdon,
The introduction of Xenopus laevis into developmental biology: of empire, pregnancy testing and ribosomal genes.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Habig,
Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation.
1974,
Pubmed
Kurth,
Histology of plastic embedded amphibian embryos and larvae.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Liu,
Xenopus laevis tadpoles exposed to metamifop: Changes in growth, behavioral endpoints, neurotransmitters, antioxidant system and thyroid development.
2021,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mouche,
FETAX Assay for Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nousiainen,
Differentiation of microsomal and cytosolic carboxylesterases in the rat liver by in vivo and in vitro inhibition.
1984,
Pubmed
Opitz,
Description and initial evaluation of a Xenopus metamorphosis assay for detection of thyroid system-disrupting activities of environmental compounds.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ozmen,
Toxicological aspects of photocatalytic degradation of selected xenobiotics with nano-sized Mn-doped TiO2.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Saria,
Short term exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stephensen,
Biochemical indicators of pollution exposure in shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius), caught in four harbours on the southwest coast of Iceland.
2000,
Pubmed
Stephensen,
Effects of redox cycling compounds on glutathione content and activity of glutathione-related enzymes in rainbow trout liver.
2002,
Pubmed
Turhan,
Developmental and lethal effects of glyphosate and a glyphosate-based product on Xenopus laevis embryos and tadpoles.
2020,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
van der Oost,
Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review.
2003,
Pubmed
Yu,
Lethal and sublethal effects of three insecticides on two developmental stages of Xenopus laevis and comparison with other amphibians.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
