Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Biophys Rep
2023 Aug 31;94:195-205. doi: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230016.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Xenopus cell-free extracts and their applications in cell biology study.
Liu J
,
Zhang C
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Xenopus has proven to be a remarkably versatile model organism in the realm of biological research for numerous years, owing to its straightforward maintenance in laboratory settings and its abundant provision of ample-sized oocytes, eggs, and embryos. The cell cycle of these oocytes, eggs, and early embryos exhibits synchrony, and extracts derived from these cells serve various research purposes. Many fundamental concepts in biochemistry, cell biology, and development have been elucidated through the use of cell-free extracts derived from Xenopus cells. Over the past few decades, a wide array of cell-free extracts has been prepared from oocytes, eggs, and early embryos of different Xenopus species at varying cell cycle stages. Each of these extracts possesses distinct characteristics. This review provides a concise overview of the Xenopus species employed in laboratory research, the diverse types of cell-free extracts available, and their respective properties. Furthermore, this review delves into the extensive investigation of spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts, underscoring the versatility and potency of these cell-free systems in the realm of cell biology.
Amaya,
Frog genetics: Xenopus tropicalis jumps into the future.
1998, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Amaya,
Frog genetics: Xenopus tropicalis jumps into the future.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Benbow,
Cytoplasmic control of nuclear DNA synthesis during early development of Xenopus laevis: a cell-free assay.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bier,
EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT. BMP gradients: A paradigm for morphogen-mediated developmental patterning.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Blachon,
The origin of the second centriole in the zygote of Drosophila melanogaster.
2014,
Pubmed
Blow,
Initiation of DNA replication in nuclei and purified DNA by a cell-free extract of Xenopus eggs.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Brown,
Xenopus borealis misidentified as Xenopus mulleri.
1977,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Brown,
The structure and evolution of ribosomal and 5S DNAs in Xenopus laevis and Xenopus mulleri.
1974,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Brown,
A comparison of the ribosomal DNA's of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus mulleri: the evolution of tandem genes.
1972,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Brown,
Xenopus tropicalis egg extracts provide insight into scaling of the mitotic spindle.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chen,
Nucleus Assembly and Import in Xenopus laevis Egg Extract.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cheng,
Spontaneous emergence of cell-like organization in Xenopus egg extracts.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Crane,
Using Xenopus oocyte extracts to study signal transduction.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cruciat,
Secreted and transmembrane wnt inhibitors and activators.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
De Robertis,
The establishment of Spemann's organizer and patterning of the vertebrate embryo.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dinarina,
Chromatin shapes the mitotic spindle.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dumont,
Oogenesis in Xenopus laevis (Daudin). I. Stages of oocyte development in laboratory maintained animals.
1972,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Elkan,
The Xenopus Pregnancy Test.
1938,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Field,
Assembly of Spindles and Asters in Xenopus Egg Extracts.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Fowler,
Cryo-injury and biopreservation.
2005,
Pubmed
Félix,
Centrosome assembly in vitro: role of gamma-tubulin recruitment in Xenopus sperm aster formation.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gandini Attardi,
Effect of Xenopus laevis oocyte extract on supercoiled simian virus 40 DNA: formation of complex DNA.
1976,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gillespie,
Preparation and use of Xenopus egg extracts to study DNA replication and chromatin associated proteins.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Glotzer,
Cyclin is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Good,
Encapsulation of Xenopus Egg and Embryo Extract Spindle Assembly Reactions in Synthetic Cell-Like Compartments with Tunable Size.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Good,
Preparation of Cellular Extracts from Xenopus Eggs and Embryos.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Good,
Cytoplasmic volume modulates spindle size during embryogenesis.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Grenfell,
A versatile multivariate image analysis pipeline reveals features of Xenopus extract spindles.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Griswold,
An analysis of the degree of homology between 28S rRNA from Xenopus laevis and Xenopus mulleri.
1974,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hannak,
Investigating mitotic spindle assembly and function in vitro using Xenopus laevis egg extracts.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Harland,
Xenopus research: metamorphosed by genetics and genomics.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hazel,
Changes in cytoplasmic volume are sufficient to drive spindle scaling.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hazel,
Isolation and Demembranation of Xenopus Sperm Nuclei.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Heald,
Self-organization of microtubules into bipolar spindles around artificial chromosomes in Xenopus egg extracts.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hellsten,
The genome of the Western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Huang,
Dependence of Mos-induced Cdc2 activation on MAP kinase function in a cell-free system.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hutchison,
Periodic DNA synthesis in cell-free extracts of Xenopus eggs.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Iwabuchi,
Residual Cdc2 activity remaining at meiosis I exit is essential for meiotic M-M transition in Xenopus oocyte extracts.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kitaoka,
Spindle assembly in egg extracts of the Marsabit clawed frog, Xenopus borealis.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Leno,
The nuclear membrane prevents replication of human G2 nuclei but not G1 nuclei in Xenopus egg extract.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Levy,
Nuclear size is regulated by importin α and Ntf2 in Xenopus.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Liu,
The polo box is required for multiple functions of Plx1 in mitosis.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Liu,
Calcium elevation at fertilization coordinates phosphorylation of XErp1/Emi2 by Plx1 and CaMK II to release metaphase arrest by cytostatic factor.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lohka,
Induction of nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, and spindle formation in cell-free extracts.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lohka,
Formation in vitro of sperm pronuclei and mitotic chromosomes induced by amphibian ooplasmic components.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lohka,
The germinal vesicle material required for sperm pronuclear formation is located in the soluble fraction of egg cytoplasm.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Masui,
Oocyte maturation.
1979,
Pubmed
Masui,
Cytoplasmic control of nuclear behavior during meiotic maturation of frog oocytes.
1971,
Pubmed
Miyamoto,
Manipulation and in vitro maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes, followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, to study embryonic development.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Murray,
Cell cycle extracts.
1991,
Pubmed
Murray,
Cyclin synthesis drives the early embryonic cell cycle.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohsumi,
Oocyte extracts for the study of meiotic M-M transition.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Philpott,
The Xenopus cell cycle: an overview.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Qian,
The polo-like kinase Plx1 is required for activation of the phosphatase Cdc25C and cyclin B-Cdc2 in Xenopus oocytes.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sato,
Toward the understanding of biology of oocyte life cycle in Xenopus Laevis: No oocytes left behind.
2020,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sawin,
Mitotic spindle assembly by two different pathways in vitro.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Session,
Genome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shibuya,
Oncogenic ras triggers the activation of 42-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase in extracts of quiescent Xenopus oocytes.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
The induction of oocyte maturation: transmembrane signaling events and regulation of the cell cycle.
1989,
Pubmed
Takagi,
High-quality frozen extracts of Xenopus laevis eggs reveal size-dependent control of metaphase spindle micromechanics.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Townsley,
Dominant-negative cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein E2-C/UbcH10 blocks cells in metaphase.
1997,
Pubmed
Tunquist,
The spindle checkpoint kinase bub1 and cyclin e/cdk2 both contribute to the establishment of meiotic metaphase arrest by cytostatic factor.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
VanRenterghem,
Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by protein kinases A and C in a cell-free system.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wang,
Multiple mechanisms determine ER network morphology during the cell cycle in Xenopus egg extracts.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wang,
Endoplasmic Reticulum Network Formation with Xenopus Egg Extracts.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wellauer,
A comparison of the structural organization of amplified ribosomal DNA from Xenopus mulleri and Xenopus laevis.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wignall,
Methods for the study of centrosome-independent spindle assembly in Xenopus extracts.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wilbur,
Mitotic spindle scaling during Xenopus development by kif2a and importin α.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wühr,
Evidence for an upper limit to mitotic spindle length.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
