Int J Mol Sci 2025 Dec 03;2623:. doi: 10.3390/ijms262311720.

Characterization of the Regulatory AAA-ATPase Subunit Rpt3 in Plasmodium berghei as an Activator of Protein Phosphatase 1.

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The 26S proteasome is the main proteolytic machinery involved in protein degradation, thereby contributing to the homeostasis and stress response of eukaryotic cells. This macromolecular complex consists of a 20S core particle assembled with one or two 19S regulatory particles. Here, we describe the Plasmodium berghei (Pb) proteasome AAA-ATPase regulatory subunit Rpt3 and demonstrate its binding to the Protein Phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit (PP1c), which is one of the major and essential parasite phosphatases. The PbRpt3 protein enhances the activity of PP1c both in vitro and in a Xenopus oocyte heterologous model. Further investigation of this model suggests that the PbRpt3-PP1c interaction may occur outside of the proteasome, and it reveals that the RVxF motifs of PbRpt3 are involved in its binding and regulatory function. Moreover, the ATP-binding capacity of PbRpt3 may also contribute to its phosphatase regulatory activity. In the parasite, reverse genetic studies suggest an essential role for PbRpt3 during erythrocytic cycle of P. berghei, and an interactome analysis confirmed that PbRpt3 belongs to the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome and may interact with proteins previously shown to be involved in phospholipid binding.

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