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Much of our knowledge about the mechanisms of vertebrate early development comes from studies using Xenopus laevis. The recent development of a remarkably efficient method for generating transgenic embryos is now allowing study of late development and organogenesis in Xenopus embryos. Possibilities are also emerging for genomic studies using the closely related diploid frog Xenopus tropicalis.
Figure 1. Example of digital differential display (DDD [10]), comparing gene expression between the liver (pool A) and heart (pool B) by comparing the available EST data from two Xenopus libraries. The top four results are shown. The numbers in grey represent the proportion of sequences within each pool that map to the UniGene cluster indicated in blue, for which a description is given on the right;cds, coding sequence. Dots are a visual representation of the numerical values. Statistically significant results are shown by indication of the relationship between two pools for a particular gene cluster, for example A > B for albumin and transferrin in the liver, B > A for myosin light chain and a probable actin homolog in the heart library.
Figure 2. Analysis of gut-specific promoters in live X. laevis tadpoles. Green fluorescence is seen where the promoter is active, and yellow is due to autofluorescence of the tadpolegut. Black patches are pigment cells. (a) The Elastase enhancer (rat) driving the expression of GFP in the pancreas of a 7-day-old tadpole; ventral view, anterior to the right. (b) The Transthyretin promoter (mouse) driving expression of GFP in the liver of a 6-day-old tadpole; ventral/left view, anterior to the left. (c) The Intestinal fatty acid binding protein promoter (rat) driving expression of GFP in the small intestine of a 7-day-old tadpole, ventral view, anterior to the left. Abbreviations: gb, gall bladder; li, liver; p, pancreas; si, small intestine; st, stomach. Reproduced with permission from [25].
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