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	Figure 2. Results of luciferase assays showing dose–response curves for BPA and its halogenated analogs (TBBPA and/or TCBPA; A–G), and lower brominated analogs (monoBBPA, diBBPA, and triBBPA; D–F), as well as MEHP, PFOA, and PFOS (G), in HGELN‑ERα (A,D), HGELN‑ERβ (B,E), and HGELN‑PPARγ (C,F,G) cells. Results are expressed as a percentage of luciferase activity measured per well (mean ± SEM; n = 4) relative to the value obtained with 10 nM E2 (HGELN‑ERα and ERβ; A,B,D,E) and 100 nM rosiglitazone (Rosi; HGELN‑PPARγ; C,F,G).
	Figure 3. Competitive inhibition of [3H]-rosiglitazone (Rosi) binding in HGELN‑PPARγ cells incubated with different concentrations (0.001–30 μM) of Rosi, TBBPA, and TCBPA in the presence of 3 nM [3H]‑Rosi. Values are the mean ± SD from four separate experiments.
	Figure 4. TBBPA and TCBPA induce adipogenesis through PPARγ. Two-day postconfluent 3T3L1 cells were treated for 8 days with 10 μg/mL insulin with vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or the ligands as indicated. Rosi, rosiglitazone. (A) Entire wells imaged after Oil Red O staining. (B) Quantitative real-time PCR of PPARγ and adipocyte-specific fatty acid–binding protein AP2 expression levels in postconfluent 3T3-L1 cells treated with the ligands for 24 hr. Data were normalized to 18S or 36B4 controls and plotted as average fold induction ± SE (n = 3 per treatment).
	Figure 5. Effect of halogenated BPAs on activation of human, zebrafish, and Xenopus PPARγ. HeLa cells transiently transfected with (GALRE)5-βglobin-luciferase and pSG5-GAL4-PPARγ (human and zebrafish) or (PPRE)3-TK-luciferase and pSG5-PPARγ (Xenopus laevis) plasmids were incubated with 10 μM TBBPA, 10 μM TCBPA, 10 μM MEHP, or 1 μM rosiglitazone (Rosi) to assess their agonist potential on PPARγ. Values are the mean ± SD of three separate experiments.
	Figure 6. Crystal structures of PPARγ LBD in complex with TBBPA and TCBPA. (A) Overall structure of the TBBPA-bound PPARγ LBD. The polypeptide backbone is illustrated as a green ribbon, and TBBPA is shown in stick representation with each atom type: carbon, yellow; oxygen, red; bromine, black. (B) Superimposition of the co-crystal structure of TBBPA-bound PPARγ LBD on the structure with rosiglitazone (PDB code 2PRG; Nolte et al. 1998). Carbon atoms are shown in green in the TBBPA complex and in magenta in the rosiglitazone structure. (C) TBBPA (carbon, green; oxygen, red; bromine, black), TCBPA (carbon, cyan; oxygen, red; chlorine, green), and rosiglitazone (carbon, magenta; oxygen, red; nitrogen, blue; sulfur, yellow) as they appear in their respective LBP. (D,E,F) PPARγ residues in contact with TBBPA cycle A (D), cycle B (E), and the linker region (F). Key interactions are highlighted as black dashed lines; water molecules are shown as red spheres.

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