FIGURE 1:. Dependence of DNA condensation on force, H1, and salt conditions. (A) DNA extension measured as the force decreased in 100 mM KCl (XB buffer). In 5 nM H1 solution, the DNA extensions for forces of >0.6 pN were the same as in the buffer (naked DNA). The extension decreased as the holding force was reduced step by step from 0.6 to 0.07 pN. Each step lasted about 2 min, during which the extensions were measured. In separate samples, 10 nM H1 was added, and the DNA extension was measured as the force decreased from 5 to 0.2 pN. Between 0.2 and 1 pN, the DNA compaction ratios in 10 nM H1 were higher than in 5 nM H1. Each experimental data point, presented as the mean value, was obtained from 15 measurements. (B) DNA extension decreased with time in 5 nM H1 solution with a holding force of 0.07 pN. The extension decreased from 5.6 to 3.7 μm in 16 min (A, 16 min later) and to ∼0.1 μm in 1 h. (C) In contrast to A, no compaction was observed for 10 nM H1 in 200 mM KCl buffer (XB + KCl) with a holding force of >0.1 pN.
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