Fig. 11. Placodal gene expression patterns in late tail bud Xenopus embryos (stages 32–34) in lateral views (anterior is to the left). As in Fig. 9, color-coded arrows and arrowheads are used for the identification of comparable regions of gene expression. Expression in the lens is indicated by L. Colors are explained in the schematic drawing, depicting the distribution of placodes in a stage 33/34 embryo (modified after Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000; see Fig. 14 for detailed explanation). By stage 33/34, the profundal placode has disappeared, the trigeminal placode is shrinking rapidly, the lens placode and otic placode have completely invaginated to form the lens and the otic vesicle, respectively, and the lateral line primordia have begun to extend from the lateral line placodes (Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000). Again, orange and brown double arrows indicate expression of the respective genes in a region encompassing facial epibranchial placode and anteroventral lateral line placode. White asterisks indicate gene expression in the pharyngeal pouches. Green and yellow asterisks indicate gene expression in the trigeminal and profundal ganglia (which are fused proximately), respectively. For detailed description, see text. Abbreviations: bam, branchial arch mesenchyme; L, lens; Ot, otic vesicle; vba, ventral branchial arch region (all three germ layers). For additional abbreviations, see Fig. 1.
Image published in: Schlosser G and Ahrens K (2004)
Copyright © 2004. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V.
| Gene | Synonyms | Species | Stage(s) | Tissue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| six1.L | XSix1 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | olfactory placode epibranchial placode lateral line placode trigeminal ganglion profundus ganglion otic placode |
| six4.S | D-Six4 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | epibranchial placode lateral line placode trigeminal ganglion profundus ganglion otic vesicle |
| eya1.L | eyes absent-1, XEya1 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | epibranchial placode lateral line placode otic vesicle trigeminal placode profundal placode posterior placodal area pharyngeal pouch |
| dlx3.S | ai4, dlx3-a, dlx3-b, tdo, Xdll-2, xdlx3 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | olfactory placode otic vesicle epibranchial placode pharyngeal arch |
| msx1.L | hox-7, hox7, msx-1, msx1-a, msx1-b, Xhox-7.1, Xmsx-1, xmsx1 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | otic vesicle lens lens placode trigeminal ganglion profundus ganglion ventral branchial arch posterior placodal area |
| sox2.L | anop3, LOC108718087, mcops3, Sox-2, XLSOX-2, Xsox-2, XSox2 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | olfactory placode otic vesicle lens lens placode branchial arch trigeminal ganglion profundus ganglion forebrain midbrain hindbrain spinal cord |
| sox3.S | Sry, Xlsox3, xSox3, Xtsox3 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | olfactory placode otic vesicle lens lens placode lateral line placode trigeminal ganglion profundus ganglion pharyngeal arch branchial arch forebrain midbrain hindbrain spinal cord |
| irx1.L | iro, irx1-a, irx1-b, Xiro, Xiro1 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | otic vesicle trigeminal placode trigeminal ganglion profundus ganglion pharyngeal arch branchial arch midbrain-hindbrain boundary pronephric kidney posterior placodal area pharyngeal pouch retinal blood vessel |
| foxi4.L | foxI1c, foxi4.1, xfd-10 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | trigeminal placode epibranchial placode lateral line placode trigeminal ganglion profundus ganglion pharyngeal arch |
| tbx2.L | ET, tbx2-a, tbx2-b, Xltbx2, xtbx2 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | otic vesicle lens trigeminal placode lens placode lateral line placode branchial arch mesenchyme optic vesicle heart primordium |
| pax6.L | an2, mgda, pax-6, pax6-a, pax6-b, wagr, XLPAX6, xpax6 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | olfactory placode lens trigeminal placode lens placode diencephalon optic vesicle midbrain spinal cord |
| pax3.S | cdhs, hup2, pax-3, pax3-a, pax3-b, Waardenburg syndrome 1, ws1, xpax3 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | trigeminal ganglion hindbrain pronephric sinus hatching gland |
| pax2.L | LOC108697493, pax-2, pax2-a, pax2-b, XPax-2, XPax2 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | otic vesicle epibranchial placode pronephric duct hindbrain spinal cord optic stalk midbrain-hindbrain boundary |
| pax8.L | pax-8, XPax-8, XPax8 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | otic vesicle pronephric kidney epibranchial placode pronephric duct |
| msx1.L | hox-7, hox7, msx-1, msx1-a, msx1-b, Xhox-7.1, Xmsx-1, xmsx1 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 | otic vesicle hindbrain ventral branchial arch |
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