Fig. 1. In situ hybridizations for HD and bHLH TFs at stage 32 (upper panel) and stage 41 (lower panel). (A) For homeodomain transcription factors, all are expressed in neural retina at stage 32 except XChx10. XSix3, XOptx2, and XPax6 are also expressed in the lens. By stage 41, all HD TFs are expressed in the CMZ but only XRx1 and XSix3 extend to the most peripheral region. Distinctive expression patterns are also observed in the retinal layers: ONL and outer INL for XRx1 and XOtx5b; outer INL for XOtx2 and XChx10; GCL and inner INL for XOptx2, XPax6, and XBH; GCL and INL for XSix3. (B) For bHLH transcription factors, all are expressed in the neural retina by stage 32 and localized in the CMZ at stage 41. XNeuroD is the only bHLH gene whose expression is maintained at stage 41. bHLH = basic helix–loop–helix; HD = homeodomain; ONL = outer nuclear layer; INL = inner nuclear layer; GCL = ganglion cell layer; TF = transcription factor.
Image published in: Wang JC and Harris WA (2005)
Copyright © 2005. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V.
| Gene | Synonyms | Species | Stage(s) | Tissue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| six3 | hpe2, six3-a, six3-b, XSix3, xsix3.1, xsix3.2 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina lens retinal neural layer |
| six6 | hpe2, optic six gene 2, optx2, six3.2, Six6.1, six6.2, XOptx2, XSix3, xSix6, XSix6.1, xsix6.2 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina retinal neural layer retinal ganglion cell layer retinal inner plexiform layer retinal inner nuclear layer |
| pax6 | an2, mgda, pax-6, pax6-a, pax6-b, wagr, XLPAX6, xpax6 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina lens retinal ganglion cell layer retinal inner nuclear layer retinal inner plexiform layer |
| barhl2 | barh1, xbarhl2, xbh, XBH1 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina retinal neural layer retinal ganglion cell layer retinal inner plexiform layer retinal inner nuclear layer |
| otx2 | otx-2, otx2-a, otx2-b, otxA, Xotx-2, Xotx2 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina retinal neural layer retinal ganglion cell layer retinal inner plexiform layer retinal inner nuclear layer |
| rax | rax-a, rax-b, rax1, rx, rx-1, rx1, rx1a, Rx2A, Xrax, Xrx1, Xrx1A | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer photoreceptor layer retinal outer nuclear layer |
| vsx2 | chx10, xchx10 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina retinal neural layer retinal ganglion cell layer |
| neurod1 | neurod, neuroD, neurod1-a, neurod1-b, XNeuroD | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina retinal neural layer retinal ganglion cell layer retinal inner plexiform layer retinal inner nuclear layer retinal outer plexiform layer retinal outer nuclear layer |
| six3 | hpe2, six3-a, six3-b, XSix3, xsix3.1, xsix3.2 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer retinal outer plexiform layer retinal inner nuclear layer retinal inner plexiform layer |
| pax6 | an2, mgda, pax-6, pax6-a, pax6-b, wagr, XLPAX6, xpax6 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer retinal ganglion cell layer retinal inner plexiform layer retinal inner nuclear layer |
| six6 | hpe2, optic six gene 2, optx2, six3.2, Six6.1, six6.2, XOptx2, XSix3, xSix6, XSix6.1, xsix6.2 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retinal neural layer retinal inner nuclear layer retinal inner plexiform layer retina |
| otx2 | otx-2, otx2-a, otx2-b, otxA, Xotx-2, Xotx2 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer retinal inner nuclear layer |
| crx | crx-a, crx-b, otx5, otx5b, Xotx5, Xotx5b | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer |
| crx | crx-a, crx-b, otx5, otx5b, Xotx5, Xotx5b | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina retinal neural layer retinal ganglion cell layer retinal inner nuclear layer retinal inner plexiform layer retinal outer nuclear layer retinal outer plexiform layer photoreceptor layer |
| crx | crx-a, crx-b, otx5, otx5b, Xotx5, Xotx5b | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer photoreceptor layer retinal outer plexiform layer |
| barhl2 | barh1, xbarhl2, xbh, XBH1 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer retinal inner plexiform layer retinal inner nuclear layer |
| vsx2 | chx10, xchx10 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer retinal outer plexiform layer |
| neurod1 | neurod, neuroD, neurod1-a, neurod1-b, XNeuroD | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer photoreceptor layer |
| neurog2 | atoh4, neurog2-a, neurog2-b, neurogenin 2, neurogenin-2, neurogenin-related-1, neurogenin2, ngn-2, ngn2, ngnr, ngnr 1a, Ngnr-1, Ngnr1, X-ngnr-1, xngn2, Xngnr-1, XNgnr1 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina retinal neural layer photoreceptor layer retinal outer plexiform layer retinal outer nuclear layer retinal inner nuclear layer retinal ganglion cell layer retinal inner plexiform layer |
| neurog2 | atoh4, neurog2-a, neurog2-b, neurogenin 2, neurogenin-2, neurogenin-related-1, neurogenin2, ngn-2, ngn2, ngnr, ngnr 1a, Ngnr-1, Ngnr1, X-ngnr-1, xngn2, Xngnr-1, XNgnr1 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer retinal inner plexiform layer |
| neurod4.L | ath-3, ath3, atoh3, atonal homolog-3, bhlha4, math-3, Xath-3, Xath3 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina retinal neural layer photoreceptor layer retinal outer plexiform layer retinal outer nuclear layer retinal inner nuclear layer retinal inner plexiform layer retinal ganglion cell layer |
| neurod4.L | ath-3, ath3, atoh3, atonal homolog-3, bhlha4, math-3, Xath-3, Xath3 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 42 | retina retinal neural layer ciliary marginal zone |
| atoh7 | ath5, atoh7-a, atoh7-b, math5, Xath5, Xath5b | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina retinal neural layer retinal ganglion cell layer retinal inner plexiform layer retinal inner nuclear layer retinal outer plexiform layer retinal outer nuclear layer |
| atoh7 | ath5, atoh7-a, atoh7-b, math5, Xath5, Xath5b | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer ciliary marginal zone |
| ascl1.L | ash1, Mash1, Xash1 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina retinal neural layer retinal inner nuclear layer |
| ascl1.L | ash1, Mash1, Xash1 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina retinal neural layer |
| ascl3 | bhlha42, bhlha44, hash4, sgn1 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 32 | retina lens retinal neural layer photoreceptor layer retinal outer plexiform layer retinal outer nuclear layer retinal inner nuclear layer retinal ganglion cell layer retinal inner plexiform layer |
| ascl3 | bhlha42, bhlha44, hash4, sgn1 | Xenopus | Throughout NF stage 41 | retina lens |
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