Figure 3. Cell Cooperation Accounts for Efficient Collective Chemotaxis(A–D). Run and tumbling of NC cells. Single cell (A) and cells in a cluster (B) exposed to a source of Sdf1 (at the bottom) show alternation of run and tumbling. Asterisks indicate cell protrusions; white arrowhead marks a cell collapsing protrusion while moving forward. Time in minutes. Scale bars, 20 μm.(C and D) Migration speed during run and tumbling ([C], gray bars, single cells; black bars, groups) and tumbling duration (D).(E–M) Rescue of nonresponsive Sdf1 cells by wild-type cells.(E and F) Control NC cells (red nucleus, n = 6) or dnCxcr4 (green membarne; n = 6) were separately exposed to Sdf1.(G and H) Mix of control (red nucleus) and dnCxcr4 (green membrane) exposed to Sdf1 (n = 20). (I) Chemotaxis index of separated or mixed control (red bars) and dnCxcr4 (green bars) cells. (J) Tracks of NC cells shown in (E) –(H) as indicated. Time in minutes. Scale bars, 150 μm.(K–M) NC migration in vivo. Host NC cells were removed and replaced by control (K) or dnCxcr4 (L) NC cells, or both (M). Error bars show standard deviation. See also Figure S2 and Movies S5 and S6.
Image published in: Theveneau E et al. (2010)
© 2010 ELL & Excerpta Medica. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license
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