Figure 1. fus is expressed in the animal region, and knockdown results in gastrulation defects and animal dissociation. All pictures show a lateral view with the animal region up, except for D and H, which show vegetal view. (A–C) Normal embryos bisected and subjected to ISH with fus antisense probe. (A) Initial fus staining at stage 9 is confined to the animal region. (B) At mid-gastrulation, fus is expressed strongly throughout the prospective mesodermal and ectodermal regions but is excluded from the endoderm. (C) This pattern persists through gastrulation, although some weak staining can be observed in vegetal cells. (D–K) fus knockdown results in lack of blastopore formation and cell dissociation. (D,E) Normal embryos at mid-gastrulation, with prospective mesendoderm involuting at the blastopore. (H,I) fus morphants show complete lack of blastopore formation and gastrulation movements. (F) Normal embryo showing intact epithelia. (J) Individual cells detach from the animal and marginal regions in fus morphants. (G,K) Magnified view of the yellow box in F and J, respectively. (L–O) Absence of apoptosis during gastrulation in fus morphants. Control (L,M) and fusMO (N,O) embryos TUNEL-stained for apoptotic cells at cell dissociation (L,N) or after cell dissociation occurs (M,O). No apoptotic cells were detected at stage 12, when cell dissociation happens. At stage 13, some apoptotic cells that were detected in fus have dissociated and therefore mostly likely show a secondary effect. (P) Single-embryo RT–PCR spanning the first four exons of fus on embryos injected with fusMO4 showing aberrant splicing of the first intron in fus transcripts. Normal transcripts of both homeologs (fus-a and fus-b) in X. laevis are significantly reduced relative to control odc transcripts.
Image published in: Dichmann DS and Harland RM (2012)
Copyright © 2012. Image reproduced on with permission of the Publisher, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. This is an Open Access article.
| Gene | Synonyms | Species | Stage(s) | Tissue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fus.S | MGC52724 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 9 | animal cap blastocoel roof |
| fus.S | MGC52724 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 11 | animal cap ectoderm involuted dorsal mesoderm involuted ventral mesoderm |
| fus.S | MGC52724 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 11.5 | animal cap ectoderm involuted dorsal mesoderm involuted ventral mesoderm vegetal endoderm |
Image source: Published
| Experiment + Assay | Source | Phenotypes and Disease | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xla Wt + fus MO + NF11.5 (morphology) | fig.1.h |
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| Xla Wt + fus MO + NF11.5 (morphology) | fig.1.h-i |
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| Xla Wt + fus MO + NF12 (morphology) | fig.1.j-k |
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| Xla Wt + fus MO + NF13 (immunohistochemistry) | fig.1.j-k |
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