Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Unlike Xenopus laevis, Eleutherodactylus coqui develops without a tadpole. The yolk-rich vegetal region of the embryo forms a transient nutritive tissue, the nutritional endoderm (NE). The definitive endoderm (DE) in E. coqui comes from cells closer to the animal pole in contrast to its vegetal origin in X. laevis. RNA important for initiating the endoderm specification network is absent in presumptive NE cells, raising the question whether signaling occurs in them. We explored the nature of NE and asked how differences between NE and DE cells arise. We identified differences between NE and DE that first become evident at gastrula, when NE cells become multinucleated. Nuclear β-catenin, an essential cofactor of sox 17, important for endoderm formation in X. laevis, is present in NE and DE at gastrula but remains in NE long after it is not seen in DE. We cloned E. coqui homologs of TGFβs activin b and derriere and provide evidence for their maternal expression. We also detected activin b and derriere RNAs in NE at gastrula and show that NE possesses some mesoderm-inducing activity, but it is delayed with respect to DE. Our findings indicate that altered development of NE begins at gastrula. RNAs important for mesendoderm induction and some mesoderm-inducing activity are present in NE.
Asashima,
Presence of activin (erythroid differentiation factor) in unfertilized eggs and blastulae of Xenopus laevis.
1991, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Asashima,
Presence of activin (erythroid differentiation factor) in unfertilized eggs and blastulae of Xenopus laevis.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Beckham,
Localization of RNAs in oocytes of Eleutherodactylus coqui, a direct developing frog, differs from Xenopus laevis.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bourillot,
A changing morphogen gradient is interpreted by continuous transduction flow.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Brivanlou,
Expression of an engrailed-related protein is induced in the anterior neural ectoderm of early Xenopus embryos.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Buchholz,
Nutritional endoderm in a direct developing frog: a potential parallel to the evolution of the amniote egg.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Casey,
Bix4 is activated directly by VegT and mediates endoderm formation in Xenopus development.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Clément-Lacroix,
Lrp5-independent activation of Wnt signaling by lithium chloride increases bone formation and bone mass in mice.
2005,
Pubmed
Clements,
Redundant early and overlapping larval roles of Xsox17 subgroup genes in Xenopus endoderm development.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Clements,
Mode of action of VegT in mesoderm and endoderm formation.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dale,
Fate map for the 32-cell stage of Xenopus laevis.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dohrmann,
Expression of activin mRNA during early development in Xenopus laevis.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hanafusa,
The TGF-beta family member derrière is involved in regulation of the establishment of left-right asymmetry.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Harland,
Formation and function of Spemann's organizer.
1997,
Pubmed
Heasman,
Patterning the Xenopus blastula.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Henry,
Mixer, a homeobox gene required for endoderm development.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Henry,
TGF-beta signals and a pattern in Xenopus laevis endodermal development.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Horb,
A vegetally localized T-box transcription factor in Xenopus eggs specifies mesoderm and endoderm and is essential for embryonic mesoderm formation.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Horb,
Endoderm specification and differentiation in Xenopus embryos.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hudson,
Xsox17alpha and -beta mediate endoderm formation in Xenopus.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hyatt,
The left-right coordinator: the role of Vg1 in organizing left-right axis formation.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jang,
Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β is required for osteoclast differentiation.
2011,
Pubmed
Kimelman,
Synergistic principles of development: overlapping patterning systems in Xenopus mesoderm induction.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kingsley,
The TGF-beta superfamily: new members, new receptors, and new genetic tests of function in different organisms.
1994,
Pubmed
Kofron,
New roles for FoxH1 in patterning the early embryo.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kofron,
Mesoderm induction in Xenopus is a zygotic event regulated by maternal VegT via TGFbeta growth factors.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lustig,
Expression cloning of a Xenopus T-related gene (Xombi) involved in mesodermal patterning and blastopore lip formation.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Luxardi,
Distinct Xenopus Nodal ligands sequentially induce mesendoderm and control gastrulation movements in parallel to the Wnt/PCP pathway.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Massagué,
TGF-beta receptors and TGF-beta binding proteoglycans: recent progress in identifying their functional properties.
1990,
Pubmed
Molloy,
Novel cardiovascular actions of the activins.
1999,
Pubmed
Moon,
From cortical rotation to organizer gene expression: toward a molecular explanation of axis specification in Xenopus.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nakayama,
Furin: a mammalian subtilisin/Kex2p-like endoprotease involved in processing of a wide variety of precursor proteins.
1997,
Pubmed
Ninomiya,
Mesoderm formation in Eleutherodactylus coqui: body patterning in a frog with a large egg.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Peifer,
wingless signal and Zeste-white 3 kinase trigger opposing changes in the intracellular distribution of Armadillo.
1994,
Pubmed
Piepenburg,
Activin redux: specification of mesodermal pattern in Xenopus by graded concentrations of endogenous activin B.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schlosser,
Development of the retinotectal system in the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui in comparison with other anurans.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shen,
Nodal signaling: developmental roles and regulation.
2007,
Pubmed
Shibuya,
Stabilization and enhancement of primary cytostatic factor (CSF) by ATP and NaF in amphibian egg cytosols.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sinner,
Sox17 and beta-catenin cooperate to regulate the transcription of endodermal genes.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Skirkanich,
An essential role for transcription before the MBT in Xenopus laevis.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
Brachyury and the T-box genes.
1997,
Pubmed
Steinbeisser,
Xenopus axis formation: induction of goosecoid by injected Xwnt-8 and activin mRNAs.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stennard,
The Xenopus T-box gene, Antipodean, encodes a vegetally localised maternal mRNA and can trigger mesoderm formation.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sun,
derrière: a TGF-beta family member required for posterior development in Xenopus.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tada,
Bix1, a direct target of Xenopus T-box genes, causes formation of ventral mesoderm and endoderm.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Thomsen,
Processed Vg1 protein is an axial mesoderm inducer in Xenopus.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Vonica,
The left-right axis is regulated by the interplay of Coco, Xnr1 and derrière in Xenopus embryos.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Weeks,
A maternal mRNA localized to the vegetal hemisphere in Xenopus eggs codes for a growth factor related to TGF-beta.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Xanthos,
The roles of three signaling pathways in the formation and function of the Spemann Organizer.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Xanthos,
Maternal VegT is the initiator of a molecular network specifying endoderm in Xenopus laevis.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yost,
The axis-inducing activity, stability, and subcellular distribution of beta-catenin is regulated in Xenopus embryos by glycogen synthase kinase 3.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yu,
An amphioxus nodal gene (AmphiNodal) with early symmetrical expression in the organizer and mesoderm and later asymmetrical expression associated with left-right axis formation.
2002,
Pubmed
Zhang,
The role of maternal VegT in establishing the primary germ layers in Xenopus embryos.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zorn,
Regulation of Wnt signaling by Sox proteins: XSox17 alpha/beta and XSox3 physically interact with beta-catenin.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
