Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
We identified cDNAs encoding the Xenopus Smad proteins most closely related to mammalian Smad8, and we present a functional analysis of this activity (also referred to recently as xSmad11). Misexpression experiments indicate that xSmad8(11) regulates pathways distinct from those regulated by the closely related xSmad1. Embryos that develop from eggs depleted of xSmad8(11) mRNA fail to gastrulate; instead, at the time of gastrulation, they initiate a widespread program of apoptosis, via a CPP32/caspase 3 pathway. Embryos that avoid this fate display gastrulation defects. Activation of apoptosis is rescued by expression of xSmad8(11) but not xSmad1. Our results demonstrate an embryonic requirement for Smad8(11) activity and show that a maternally derived Smad signaling pathway is required for gastrulation and for mediating a cell survival program during early embryogenesis. We suggest that xSmad8(11) functions as part of a maternally derived mechanism shown previously by others to monitor Xenopus early embryonic cell cycles.
Anderson,
Ionizing radiation induces apoptosis and elevates cyclin A1-Cdk2 activity before but not after the midblastula transition in Xenopus.
1997, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Anderson,
Ionizing radiation induces apoptosis and elevates cyclin A1-Cdk2 activity before but not after the midblastula transition in Xenopus.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Baker,
Wnt signaling in Xenopus embryos inhibits bmp4 expression and activates neural development.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Brivanlou,
Expression of an engrailed-related protein is induced in the anterior neural ectoderm of early Xenopus embryos.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Candia,
Cellular interpretation of multiple TGF-beta signals: intracellular antagonism between activin/BVg1 and BMP-2/4 signaling mediated by Smads.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chang,
A post-mid-blastula transition requirement for TGFbeta signaling in early endodermal specification.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chang,
Smad5 knockout mice die at mid-gestation due to multiple embryonic and extraembryonic defects.
1999,
Pubmed
Chen,
Smad8 mediates the signaling of the ALK-2 [corrected] receptor serine kinase.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Derynck,
Smads: transcriptional activators of TGF-beta responses.
1998,
Pubmed
Dick,
Smad1 and Smad5 have distinct roles during dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo.
1999,
Pubmed
Dick,
Cloning and characterization of zebrafish smad2, smad3 and smad4.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dudley,
Interaction between FGF and BMP signaling pathways regulates development of metanephric mesenchyme.
1999,
Pubmed
Eimon,
In Xenopus embryos, BMP heterodimers are not required for mesoderm induction, but BMP activity is necessary for dorsal/ventral patterning.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Faure,
Endogenous patterns of TGFbeta superfamily signaling during early Xenopus development.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Fortuno,
The amino terminus of Smads permits transcriptional specificity.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gawantka,
Antagonizing the Spemann organizer: role of the homeobox gene Xvent-1.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Graff,
Embryonic patterning: to BMP or not to BMP, that is the question.
1997,
Pubmed
Graff,
Xenopus Mad proteins transduce distinct subsets of signals for the TGF beta superfamily.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hensey,
Programmed cell death during Xenopus development: a spatio-temporal analysis.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hensey,
A developmental timer that regulates apoptosis at the onset of gastrulation.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hogan,
Bone morphogenetic proteins: multifunctional regulators of vertebrate development.
1996,
Pubmed
Howe,
Identification of a developmental timer regulating the stability of embryonic cyclin A and a new somatic A-type cyclin at gastrulation.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hudson,
Xsox17alpha and -beta mediate endoderm formation in Xenopus.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ikegami,
Developmental activation of the capability to undergo checkpoint-induced apoptosis in the early zebrafish embryo.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Itoh,
Signaling of transforming growth factor-beta family members through Smad proteins.
2000,
Pubmed
Jones,
Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) acts during gastrula stages to cause ventralization of Xenopus embryos.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kawai,
Mouse smad8 phosphorylation downstream of BMP receptors ALK-2, ALK-3, and ALK-6 induces its association with Smad4 and transcriptional activity.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kimura,
BMP2-induced apoptosis is mediated by activation of the TAK1-p38 kinase pathway that is negatively regulated by Smad6.
2000,
Pubmed
King,
Mitosis in transition.
1994,
Pubmed
Kofron,
Mesoderm induction in Xenopus is a zygotic event regulated by maternal VegT via TGFbeta growth factors.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Larraín,
BMP-binding modules in chordin: a model for signalling regulation in the extracellular space.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Miller,
Establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis in Xenopus embryos coincides with the dorsal enrichment of dishevelled that is dependent on cortical rotation.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Müller,
Characterization of zebrafish smad1, smad2 and smad5: the amino-terminus of smad1 and smad5 is required for specific function in the embryo.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Newport,
A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos: II. Control of the onset of transcription.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Newport,
A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos: I. characterization and timing of cellular changes at the midblastula stage.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nishita,
Smad8B, a Smad8 splice variant lacking the SSXS site that inhibits Smad8-mediated signalling.
1999,
Pubmed
Onichtchouk,
The Xvent-2 homeobox gene is part of the BMP-4 signalling pathway controlling [correction of controling] dorsoventral patterning of Xenopus mesoderm.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sasai,
Xenopus chordin: a novel dorsalizing factor activated by organizer-specific homeobox genes.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sasai,
Regulation of neural induction by the Chd and Bmp-4 antagonistic patterning signals in Xenopus.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shibuya,
Role of TAK1 and TAB1 in BMP signaling in early Xenopus development.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sible,
Zygotic transcription is required to block a maternal program of apoptosis in Xenopus embryos.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stack,
Developmentally regulated activation of apoptosis early in Xenopus gastrulation results in cyclin A degradation during interphase of the cell cycle.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Steinbeisser,
The role of gsc and BMP-4 in dorsal-ventral patterning of the marginal zone in Xenopus: a loss-of-function study using antisense RNA.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Suzuki,
Smad5 induces ventral fates in Xenopus embryo.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Thomsen,
Xenopus mothers against decapentaplegic is an embryonic ventralizing agent that acts downstream of the BMP-2/4 receptor.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tremblay,
Mouse embryos lacking Smad1 signals display defects in extra-embryonic tissues and germ cell formation.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wallingford,
Dishevelled controls cell polarity during Xenopus gastrulation.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Watanabe,
Cloning and characterization of a novel member of the human Mad gene family (MADH6).
1997,
Pubmed
Wilson,
Concentration-dependent patterning of the Xenopus ectoderm by BMP4 and its signal transducer Smad1.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wilson,
Induction of epidermis and inhibition of neural fate by Bmp-4.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Winnier,
Bone morphogenetic protein-4 is required for mesoderm formation and patterning in the mouse.
1995,
Pubmed
Wrana,
Regulation of Smad activity.
2000,
Pubmed
Yamaguchi,
XIAP, a cellular member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, links the receptors to TAB1-TAK1 in the BMP signaling pathway.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yamaguchi,
Identification of a member of the MAPKKK family as a potential mediator of TGF-beta signal transduction.
1995,
Pubmed
Yang,
Angiogenesis defects and mesenchymal apoptosis in mice lacking SMAD5.
1999,
Pubmed
Yisraeli,
The material mRNA Vg1 is correctly localized following injection into Xenopus oocytes.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yoshida,
Negative regulation of BMP/Smad signaling by Tob in osteoblasts.
2000,
Pubmed
Zhang,
BMP-like signals are required after the midblastula transition for blood cell development.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zhang,
The role of maternal VegT in establishing the primary germ layers in Xenopus embryos.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zhu,
A SMAD ubiquitin ligase targets the BMP pathway and affects embryonic pattern formation.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
