Figure 2. Gremlin Is Expressed in the Neural Crest(A) Stage 27 embryo showing Gremlin expression in the nascent pronephric duct ([pn], arrowhead), midtrunk neural crest, and tailbud.(B) At stage 35/36, Gremlin expression expands rostrocaudally to include neural crest cells in the head, the trunk, and the fin.(C) Stage 40 embryo showing Gremlin expression following fin elongation. For (A) (C), an embryo probed with a sense control is on the bottom of each panel.(D) Section through the posterior trunk of a stage 30 embryo shows Gremlin expression in the roofplate of the neural tube and the overlying epithelium (open arrow).(E) Section through the head of a stage 38 embryo showing Gremlin expression in the mandibular mesenchymal neural crest surrounding the eye (arrow).(F) Fin section through a stage 38 embryo showing expression in mesenchymal cells.(G) Midtrunk section through a stage 38 embryo. Gremlin expression reveals the ventral migration pathways of trunk neural crest cells as they pass medially and laterally to the somite ([45, 31 and 10]). The subepithelial migration accounts for the chevron-shaped stripes of staining seen in whole mounts; Nomarski analysis of whole mounts in conjunction with horizontal sections shows that these cells migrate in the immediate vicinity of the boundaries between individual somites. Open arrowhead indicates the birthplace of neural crest cells. Closed arrowheads indicate staining of cells lining the pronephros. (rp) = roofplate, (nt) = neural tube, (no) = notochord, (so) = somite. Scale BAR= 50 um.
Image published in: Hsu DR et al. (1998)
Copyright © 1998. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V.
| Gene | Synonyms | Species | Stage(s) | Tissue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| grem1.L | Cktsf1b1, cysteine knot superfamily 1, gremlin | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 27 | neural crest pronephric duct trunk neural crest pronephric kidney |
| grem1.L | Cktsf1b1, cysteine knot superfamily 1, gremlin | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 29 and 30 | neural crest epithelium neural tube roof plate |
| grem1.L | Cktsf1b1, cysteine knot superfamily 1, gremlin | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 35 and 36 | fin pronephric duct trunk neural crest tail bud pronephric kidney neural crest migratory neural crest cell vagal neural crest sacral neural crest periocular region |
| grem1.L | Cktsf1b1, cysteine knot superfamily 1, gremlin | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 37 and 38 | neural crest cranial neural crest mandibular crest periocular region mesenchyme mouth primordium fin pronephric duct trunk neural crest pronephric kidney intersomitic epithelium |
| grem1.L | Cktsf1b1, cysteine knot superfamily 1, gremlin | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 40 | head trunk neural crest fin pronephric duct eye trunk neural crest tail bud pronephric kidney tail somite |
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