Figure 3. Expression of Groucho-related genes (Grg). A: stage VI oocyte with Grg4 transcripts enhanced on animal (an) side (side view). B: An eight-cell embryo with maternal ESG1 transcripts enhanced in the animal blastomeres (side view). C: In the blastula, animal cap ectoderm expresses Grg5 (side view). D: In the gastrula, the entire ectoderm expresses Grg4, whereas the preinvoluted mesoderm (meso) and endoderm do not (side view). EâG: At neural plate stages, Grg4 (E), ESG1 (F), and Grg5 (G) are expressed in the neural plate and preplacodal ectoderm (PPE); Grg5 is also expressed in the cement gland (anterior views). H: ESG1 is expressed throughout the neural tube, but most strongly in the anterior part (ant. nt). It is also detected in the neural crest (nc), dorsal epidermis (epi), and somites (dorsal view). I: At tail bud stages, ESG1 expression is strong in the entire neural tube, migrating neural crest, somites, otocyst, and tail bud (tb; side view). J: At tail bud stages, Grg4 is weakly detected in the cement gland (ventral view). K: At larval stages, Grg4 is expressed throughout the brain (b), retina (r), placode derivatives (crg, L, olf, oto), and the branchial arches (BA; side view). L: ESG1 is expressed in the same tissues, and also is detected in the heart (h), ventral gut (vg), nephric mesoderm and the initial outgrowth of the lateral line (LL; side view). MâR: In transverse sections at the levels of the anterior trunk (M), forebrain (NâP) and hindbrain (Q,R), expression of the various Grg-related genes is noted in the nephric mesoderm, forebrain (fb), hindbrain (hb), retina, branchial arches, cement gland, various placodes (olf, oto, IXg, epibranchial [ebp]) and heart.
Image published in: Neilson KM et al. (2010)
Copyright © 2010. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, John Wiley & Sons.
| Gene | Synonyms | Species | Stage(s) | Tissue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tle4.S | esg4, Grg-4, grg4, gro, groucho-related gene 4, XGrg-4, Xgrg4, X-groucho, XTCF-4, Xtle4 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 17 | neural plate pre-chordal neural plate neuroectoderm neural crest preplacodal ectoderm |
| tle1.S | esg, esg1, grg1, LOC108706979, xgrg1 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 17 | neuroectoderm neural plate anterior neural fold pre-chordal neural plate ectoderm epidermis preplacodal ectoderm |
| tle5.S | aes, aes-1, aes-2, esp1, grg, grg5, xgrg-5 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 17 | neural plate cement gland primordium pre-chordal neural plate anterior neural fold neuroectoderm ectoderm preplacodal ectoderm |
| tle1.S | esg, esg1, grg1, LOC108706979, xgrg1 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 21 | epidermis neural crest cranial neural crest |
| tle5.S | aes, aes-1, aes-2, esp1, grg, grg5, xgrg-5 | X. laevis | Sometime during NF stage 22 to NF stage 32 | ectoderm hindbrain cranial ganglion mesoderm forebrain epidermis neural crest retina brain midbrain branchial arch cranial neural crest cement gland primordium heart primordium pronephric kidney otic vesicle foregut alimentary system |
| tle4.S | esg4, Grg-4, grg4, gro, groucho-related gene 4, XGrg-4, Xgrg4, X-groucho, XTCF-4, Xtle4 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 28 | ectoderm cement gland primordium neural crest cranial neural crest neural plate neuroectoderm |
| tle4.S | esg4, Grg-4, grg4, gro, groucho-related gene 4, XGrg-4, Xgrg4, X-groucho, XTCF-4, Xtle4 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 32 | forebrain ectoderm hindbrain cranial ganglion brain midbrain branchial arch cranial neural crest otic vesicle olfactory placode neuroectoderm head region eye retina mesoderm pharyngeal mesenchyme |
| tle1.S | esg, esg1, grg1, LOC108706979, xgrg1 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 32 | hindbrain cranial ganglion forebrain retina brain midbrain branchial arch heart primordium epibranchial placode pronephric kidney foregut lateral line placode |
| tle1.S | esg, esg1, grg1, LOC108706979, xgrg1 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 4 (8-cell) | animal hemisphere |
| tle4.S | esg4, Grg-4, grg4, gro, groucho-related gene 4, XGrg-4, Xgrg4, X-groucho, XTCF-4, Xtle4 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 9 | ectoderm animal cap animal cap outer layer |
| tle5.S | aes, aes-1, aes-2, esp1, grg, grg5, xgrg-5 | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 9 | ectoderm animal cap |
| tle4.S | esg4, Grg-4, grg4, gro, groucho-related gene 4, XGrg-4, Xgrg4, X-groucho, XTCF-4, Xtle4 | X. laevis | Throughout unfertilized egg stage | animal hemisphere |
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