XB-ART-37484
Dev Dyn
May 1, 2008;
237
(5):
1243-54.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
The role of FGF signaling in the establishment and maintenance of mesodermal gene expression in Xenopus.
Fletcher RB
,
Harland RM
.
Abstract
FGF signaling is important for the formation of mesoderm in vertebrates, and when it is perturbed in Xenopus, most trunk and tail mesoderm fails to form. Here we have further dissected the activities of FGF in patterning the embryo by addressing its inductive and maintenance roles. We show that FGF signaling is necessary for the establishment of xbra expression in addition to its well-characterized role in maintaining xbra expression. The role of FGF signaling in organizer formation is not clear in Xenopus. We find that FGF signaling is essential for the initial specification of paraxial mesoderm but not for activation of several pan-mesodermal and most organizer genes; however, early FGF signaling is necessary for the maintenance of organizer gene expression into the neurula stage. Inhibition of FGF signaling prevents VegT activation of specific mesodermal transcripts. These findings illuminate how FGF signaling contributes to the establishment of distinct types of mesoderm.
PubMed ID: 18386826
PMC ID: PMC3000043
Article link: Dev Dyn
Grant support: [+]
GM042341 NIGMS NIH HHS , R01 GM042341-22 NIGMS NIH HHS , R01 GM042341-25 NIGMS NIH HHS , R01 GM042341-26 NIGMS NIH HHS , R01 GM042341 NIGMS NIH HHS
Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: a2m bix1.3 chrd.1 crx eomes fgf4 fgf8 fgfr1 gal.2 gsc myf5 myod1 nodal3.1 nog odc1 otx2 sox17a sox2 tbxt vegt
Article Images: [+] show captions
References [+] :
Agius,
Endodermal Nodal-related signals and mesoderm induction in Xenopus.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Amaya, FGF signalling in the early specification of mesoderm in Xenopus. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Amaya, Expression of a dominant negative mutant of the FGF receptor disrupts mesoderm formation in Xenopus embryos. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Bhushan, Smad7 inhibits mesoderm formation and promotes neural cell fate in Xenopus embryos. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Casellas, Xenopus Smad7 inhibits both the activin and BMP pathways and acts as a neural inducer. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cha, Inhibition of FGF signaling causes expansion of the endoderm in Xenopus. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chang, A Xenopus type I activin receptor mediates mesodermal but not neural specification during embryogenesis. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cheng, The lefty-related factor Xatv acts as a feedback inhibitor of nodal signaling in mesoderm induction and L-R axis development in xenopus. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cho, Molecular nature of Spemann's organizer: the role of the Xenopus homeobox gene goosecoid. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Christen, FGF-8 is associated with anteroposterior patterning and limb regeneration in Xenopus. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chung, Screening of FGF target genes in Xenopus by microarray: temporal dissection of the signalling pathway using a chemical inhibitor. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Clements, Mode of action of VegT in mesoderm and endoderm formation. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cornell, Activin-mediated mesoderm induction requires FGF. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cornell, FGF is a prospective competence factor for early activin-type signals in Xenopus mesoderm induction. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Delaune, Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in addition to BMP inhibition. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Dickinson, Genomic profiling of mixer and Sox17beta targets during Xenopus endoderm development. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Eimon, In Xenopus embryos, BMP heterodimers are not required for mesoderm induction, but BMP activity is necessary for dorsal/ventral patterning. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Eimon, Effects of heterodimerization and proteolytic processing on Derrière and Nodal activity: implications for mesoderm induction in Xenopus. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fisher, eFGF is required for activation of XmyoD expression in the myogenic cell lineage of Xenopus laevis. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fletcher, FGF8 spliceforms mediate early mesoderm and posterior neural tissue formation in Xenopus. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fürthauer, Fgf signalling controls the dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo. 2004, Pubmed
Grammer, Use of large-scale expression cloning screens in the Xenopus laevis tadpole to identify gene function. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Green, Graded changes in dose of a Xenopus activin A homologue elicit stepwise transitions in embryonic cell fate. 1990, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hartley, Transgenic Xenopus embryos reveal that anterior neural development requires continued suppression of BMP signaling after gastrulation. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hemmati-Brivanlou, A truncated activin receptor inhibits mesoderm induction and formation of axial structures in Xenopus embryos. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hopwood, MyoD expression in the forming somites is an early response to mesoderm induction in Xenopus embryos. 1989, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hopwood, Xenopus Myf-5 marks early muscle cells and can activate muscle genes ectopically in early embryos. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Horb, A vegetally localized T-box transcription factor in Xenopus eggs specifies mesoderm and endoderm and is essential for embryonic mesoderm formation. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hudson, Xsox17alpha and -beta mediate endoderm formation in Xenopus. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Isaacs, FGF4 regulates blood and muscle specification in Xenopus laevis. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Isaacs, eFGF regulates Xbra expression during Xenopus gastrulation. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Isaacs, Expression of a novel FGF in the Xenopus embryo. A new candidate inducing factor for mesoderm formation and anteroposterior specification. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Isaacs, eFGF is expressed in the dorsal midline of Xenopus laevis. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Khokha, Depletion of three BMP antagonists from Spemann's organizer leads to a catastrophic loss of dorsal structures. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kimelman, Synergistic induction of mesoderm by FGF and TGF-beta and the identification of an mRNA coding for FGF in the early Xenopus embryo. 1988, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kofron, Mesoderm induction in Xenopus is a zygotic event regulated by maternal VegT via TGFbeta growth factors. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kroll, Transgenic Xenopus embryos from sperm nuclear transplantations reveal FGF signaling requirements during gastrulation. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kumano, FGF signaling restricts the primary blood islands to ventral mesoderm. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kumano, Boundaries and functional domains in the animal/vegetal axis of Xenopus gastrula mesoderm. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kumano, The nodal target gene Xmenf is a component of an FGF-independent pathway of ventral mesoderm induction in Xenopus. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
LaBonne, Mesoderm induction by activin requires FGF-mediated intracellular signals. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
LaBonne, Role of MAP kinase in mesoderm induction and axial patterning during Xenopus development. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
LaBonne, Localization of MAP kinase activity in early Xenopus embryos: implications for endogenous FGF signaling. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lamb, Neural induction by the secreted polypeptide noggin. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lombardo, Expression and functions of FGF-3 in Xenopus development. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lustig, Expression cloning of a Xenopus T-related gene (Xombi) involved in mesodermal patterning and blastopore lip formation. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Maegawa, FGF signaling is required for {beta}-catenin-mediated induction of the zebrafish organizer. 2006, Pubmed
Mitchell, The FGFR pathway is required for the trunk-inducing functions of Spemann's organizer. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Mizoguchi, Fgf signaling negatively regulates Nodal-dependent endoderm induction in zebrafish. 2006, Pubmed
Mohammadi, Structures of the tyrosine kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor in complex with inhibitors. 1997, Pubmed
Poulain, Zebrafish endoderm formation is regulated by combinatorial Nodal, FGF and BMP signalling. 2006, Pubmed
Pownall, eFGF, Xcad3 and Hox genes form a molecular pathway that establishes the anteroposterior axis in Xenopus. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Pownall, An inducible system for the study of FGF signalling in early amphibian development. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ryan, Eomesodermin, a key early gene in Xenopus mesoderm differentiation. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sasai, Endoderm induction by the organizer-secreted factors chordin and noggin in Xenopus animal caps. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sasai, Regulation of neural induction by the Chd and Bmp-4 antagonistic patterning signals in Xenopus. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Schohl, Beta-catenin, MAPK and Smad signaling during early Xenopus development. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Schulte-Merker, Mesoderm formation in response to Brachyury requires FGF signalling. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sharpe, A homeobox-containing marker of posterior neural differentiation shows the importance of predetermination in neural induction. 1987, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sinner, Global analysis of the transcriptional network controlling Xenopus endoderm formation. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Slack, Mesoderm induction in early Xenopus embryos by heparin-binding growth factors. 1987, Pubmed , Xenbase
Slack, Mesoderm induction by fibroblast growth factor in early Xenopus development. 1990, Pubmed , Xenbase
Slack, The role of fibroblast growth factors in early Xenopus development. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Smith, Expression of a Xenopus homolog of Brachyury (T) is an immediate-early response to mesoderm induction. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Smith, Expression cloning of noggin, a new dorsalizing factor localized to the Spemann organizer in Xenopus embryos. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Smith, A nodal-related gene defines a physical and functional domain within the Spemann organizer. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Standley, eFGF and its mode of action in the community effect during Xenopus myogenesis. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Stennard, The Xenopus T-box gene, Antipodean, encodes a vegetally localised maternal mRNA and can trigger mesoderm formation. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Stennard, Differential expression of VegT and Antipodean protein isoforms in Xenopus. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sun, derrière: a TGF-beta family member required for posterior development in Xenopus. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Takahashi, Two novel nodal-related genes initiate early inductive events in Xenopus Nieuwkoop center. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Tanegashima, Expression cloning of Xantivin, a Xenopus lefty/antivin-related gene, involved in the regulation of activin signaling during mesoderm induction. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Thompson, Over-expression of fibroblast growth factors in Xenopus embryos. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Turner, Expression of achaete-scute homolog 3 in Xenopus embryos converts ectodermal cells to a neural fate. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Vignali, Xotx5b, a new member of the Otx gene family, may be involved in anterior and eye development in Xenopus laevis. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
White, Direct and indirect regulation of derrière, a Xenopus mesoderm-inducing factor, by VegT. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Xanthos, Maternal VegT is the initiator of a molecular network specifying endoderm in Xenopus laevis. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhang, Xenopus VegT RNA is localized to the vegetal cortex during oogenesis and encodes a novel T-box transcription factor involved in mesodermal patterning. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhang, The role of maternal VegT in establishing the primary germ layers in Xenopus embryos. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Amaya, FGF signalling in the early specification of mesoderm in Xenopus. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Amaya, Expression of a dominant negative mutant of the FGF receptor disrupts mesoderm formation in Xenopus embryos. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Bhushan, Smad7 inhibits mesoderm formation and promotes neural cell fate in Xenopus embryos. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Casellas, Xenopus Smad7 inhibits both the activin and BMP pathways and acts as a neural inducer. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cha, Inhibition of FGF signaling causes expansion of the endoderm in Xenopus. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chang, A Xenopus type I activin receptor mediates mesodermal but not neural specification during embryogenesis. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cheng, The lefty-related factor Xatv acts as a feedback inhibitor of nodal signaling in mesoderm induction and L-R axis development in xenopus. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cho, Molecular nature of Spemann's organizer: the role of the Xenopus homeobox gene goosecoid. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Christen, FGF-8 is associated with anteroposterior patterning and limb regeneration in Xenopus. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chung, Screening of FGF target genes in Xenopus by microarray: temporal dissection of the signalling pathway using a chemical inhibitor. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Clements, Mode of action of VegT in mesoderm and endoderm formation. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cornell, Activin-mediated mesoderm induction requires FGF. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cornell, FGF is a prospective competence factor for early activin-type signals in Xenopus mesoderm induction. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Delaune, Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in addition to BMP inhibition. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Dickinson, Genomic profiling of mixer and Sox17beta targets during Xenopus endoderm development. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Eimon, In Xenopus embryos, BMP heterodimers are not required for mesoderm induction, but BMP activity is necessary for dorsal/ventral patterning. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Eimon, Effects of heterodimerization and proteolytic processing on Derrière and Nodal activity: implications for mesoderm induction in Xenopus. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fisher, eFGF is required for activation of XmyoD expression in the myogenic cell lineage of Xenopus laevis. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fletcher, FGF8 spliceforms mediate early mesoderm and posterior neural tissue formation in Xenopus. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fürthauer, Fgf signalling controls the dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo. 2004, Pubmed
Grammer, Use of large-scale expression cloning screens in the Xenopus laevis tadpole to identify gene function. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Green, Graded changes in dose of a Xenopus activin A homologue elicit stepwise transitions in embryonic cell fate. 1990, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hartley, Transgenic Xenopus embryos reveal that anterior neural development requires continued suppression of BMP signaling after gastrulation. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hemmati-Brivanlou, A truncated activin receptor inhibits mesoderm induction and formation of axial structures in Xenopus embryos. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hopwood, MyoD expression in the forming somites is an early response to mesoderm induction in Xenopus embryos. 1989, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hopwood, Xenopus Myf-5 marks early muscle cells and can activate muscle genes ectopically in early embryos. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Horb, A vegetally localized T-box transcription factor in Xenopus eggs specifies mesoderm and endoderm and is essential for embryonic mesoderm formation. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hudson, Xsox17alpha and -beta mediate endoderm formation in Xenopus. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Isaacs, FGF4 regulates blood and muscle specification in Xenopus laevis. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Isaacs, eFGF regulates Xbra expression during Xenopus gastrulation. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Isaacs, Expression of a novel FGF in the Xenopus embryo. A new candidate inducing factor for mesoderm formation and anteroposterior specification. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Isaacs, eFGF is expressed in the dorsal midline of Xenopus laevis. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Khokha, Depletion of three BMP antagonists from Spemann's organizer leads to a catastrophic loss of dorsal structures. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kimelman, Synergistic induction of mesoderm by FGF and TGF-beta and the identification of an mRNA coding for FGF in the early Xenopus embryo. 1988, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kofron, Mesoderm induction in Xenopus is a zygotic event regulated by maternal VegT via TGFbeta growth factors. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kroll, Transgenic Xenopus embryos from sperm nuclear transplantations reveal FGF signaling requirements during gastrulation. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kumano, FGF signaling restricts the primary blood islands to ventral mesoderm. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kumano, Boundaries and functional domains in the animal/vegetal axis of Xenopus gastrula mesoderm. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kumano, The nodal target gene Xmenf is a component of an FGF-independent pathway of ventral mesoderm induction in Xenopus. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
LaBonne, Mesoderm induction by activin requires FGF-mediated intracellular signals. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
LaBonne, Role of MAP kinase in mesoderm induction and axial patterning during Xenopus development. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
LaBonne, Localization of MAP kinase activity in early Xenopus embryos: implications for endogenous FGF signaling. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lamb, Neural induction by the secreted polypeptide noggin. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lombardo, Expression and functions of FGF-3 in Xenopus development. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lustig, Expression cloning of a Xenopus T-related gene (Xombi) involved in mesodermal patterning and blastopore lip formation. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Maegawa, FGF signaling is required for {beta}-catenin-mediated induction of the zebrafish organizer. 2006, Pubmed
Mitchell, The FGFR pathway is required for the trunk-inducing functions of Spemann's organizer. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Mizoguchi, Fgf signaling negatively regulates Nodal-dependent endoderm induction in zebrafish. 2006, Pubmed
Mohammadi, Structures of the tyrosine kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor in complex with inhibitors. 1997, Pubmed
Poulain, Zebrafish endoderm formation is regulated by combinatorial Nodal, FGF and BMP signalling. 2006, Pubmed
Pownall, eFGF, Xcad3 and Hox genes form a molecular pathway that establishes the anteroposterior axis in Xenopus. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Pownall, An inducible system for the study of FGF signalling in early amphibian development. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ryan, Eomesodermin, a key early gene in Xenopus mesoderm differentiation. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sasai, Endoderm induction by the organizer-secreted factors chordin and noggin in Xenopus animal caps. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sasai, Regulation of neural induction by the Chd and Bmp-4 antagonistic patterning signals in Xenopus. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Schohl, Beta-catenin, MAPK and Smad signaling during early Xenopus development. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Schulte-Merker, Mesoderm formation in response to Brachyury requires FGF signalling. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sharpe, A homeobox-containing marker of posterior neural differentiation shows the importance of predetermination in neural induction. 1987, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sinner, Global analysis of the transcriptional network controlling Xenopus endoderm formation. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Slack, Mesoderm induction in early Xenopus embryos by heparin-binding growth factors. 1987, Pubmed , Xenbase
Slack, Mesoderm induction by fibroblast growth factor in early Xenopus development. 1990, Pubmed , Xenbase
Slack, The role of fibroblast growth factors in early Xenopus development. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Smith, Expression of a Xenopus homolog of Brachyury (T) is an immediate-early response to mesoderm induction. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Smith, Expression cloning of noggin, a new dorsalizing factor localized to the Spemann organizer in Xenopus embryos. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Smith, A nodal-related gene defines a physical and functional domain within the Spemann organizer. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Standley, eFGF and its mode of action in the community effect during Xenopus myogenesis. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Stennard, The Xenopus T-box gene, Antipodean, encodes a vegetally localised maternal mRNA and can trigger mesoderm formation. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Stennard, Differential expression of VegT and Antipodean protein isoforms in Xenopus. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sun, derrière: a TGF-beta family member required for posterior development in Xenopus. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Takahashi, Two novel nodal-related genes initiate early inductive events in Xenopus Nieuwkoop center. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Tanegashima, Expression cloning of Xantivin, a Xenopus lefty/antivin-related gene, involved in the regulation of activin signaling during mesoderm induction. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Thompson, Over-expression of fibroblast growth factors in Xenopus embryos. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Turner, Expression of achaete-scute homolog 3 in Xenopus embryos converts ectodermal cells to a neural fate. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Vignali, Xotx5b, a new member of the Otx gene family, may be involved in anterior and eye development in Xenopus laevis. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
White, Direct and indirect regulation of derrière, a Xenopus mesoderm-inducing factor, by VegT. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Xanthos, Maternal VegT is the initiator of a molecular network specifying endoderm in Xenopus laevis. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhang, Xenopus VegT RNA is localized to the vegetal cortex during oogenesis and encodes a novel T-box transcription factor involved in mesodermal patterning. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhang, The role of maternal VegT in establishing the primary germ layers in Xenopus embryos. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase