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Fig. 6. Dorsal β-catenin modifies timing of Smad2 phosphorylation in early developmental patterning of the Xenopus embryo. In the wild-type embryo, early initiation of Smad2 phosphorylation at stage 9.5 in the dorsal vegetal region results from cooperation between dorsal β-catenin and vegetal VegT. At stage 10.5, attenuation of Smad2 phosphorylation on the dorsal side is mediated by expression of negative feedback inhibitors (see text). In u.v.-treated embryos, Smad2 phosphorylation appears later and persists longer than in wild-type embryos. Maximal levels of Smad2 phosphorylation, however, are not affected by perturbation of the location of endogenous β-catenin, indicating that dorsal β-catenin determines the temporal patter, not the maximal level, of endogenous activin-like signaling.

Image published in: Lee MA et al. (2001)

Copyright © 2001. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

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