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Figure 2. VANGL2 participates in tumour growth in cell culture and murine experiments.(a) Basal cell lines chosen for their high basal score/correlation were SUM149 r=0.36 (a) and HCC1806 (b) r=0.28 and threshold was 0.15. Expression of two short hairpin RNAs abrogated VANGL2 expression in SUM149 cells by western blot analysis (upper panels). SUM149 cells (5 × 106) were subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of 4–6-week-old female NSG mice. Tumoral volume was measured at different times (lower panels). The mean and s.e.m. values (n=6, for shLuc and shVANGL2-transfected cells). The statistical significance between the data sets was determined using a two-way ANOVA test. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.005. (b) Same as a using HCC1806 cells, except that 1 × 106 cells were inoculated into NSG mice. (c,d) Downregulation of VANGL2 with two different shRNAs led to a decreased proliferation of SUM149 (c) and HCC1806 (d) cells. Error bars represent mean±s.d. (e) COMMA-D cells were transduced with lentiviral supernatants allowing expression of GFP or GFP–VANGL2. Cell extracts were probed by western blot analysis with anti-GFP, -VANGL2 and -tubulin antibodies. An asterisk pinpoints endogenous VANGL2. (f) Kaplan–Meier curve of tumour-free status of mice transplanted with COMMA-D cells overexpressing GFP or GFP–VANGL2 (n=30). The statistical significance between the data sets was determined using a log-rank test. Image published in: Puvirajesinghe TM et al. (2016) Copyright © 2016, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. Creative Commons Attribution license Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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