Xenbase Image ID: 171902

Fig. 1. GSK3 genes are expressed during neural crest migration in the frog Xenopus laevis and mouse Mus musculus. a, b mRNA in situ hybridization for Gsk3α in X. laevis at stage (st) 25 (a) show expression in the pharyngeal pouches, brain, spinal cord and eye vesicle (b). c, d In situ hybridization for Gsk3β in X. laevis at st 25 (c). GSK3β is expressed in the pharyngeal pouches and the spinal cord as well as regions of the brain (d, scale bar = 0.5 mm). e–g GSK3αlacZ is expressed in mice during neural crest migration stages. e, f In an e8.5 embryo GSK3αlacZ is expressed in the cephalic mesenchyme, in the neuroepithelium and in the cephalic neural fold. g By e9.5–10, GSK3αlacZ is expressed in the first and second branchial arches (1 and 2) and the frontonasal prominence. h–j GSK3βlacZ is expressed in mice when neural crest is actively migrating. h, i In e8.5 embryos GSK3βlacZ is mainly expressed in the neuroectoderm, restricted to the prospective hindbrain and some areas in the mesenchyme, scale bar = 200 µm. j At e9.5, GSK3βlacZ is mainly expressed in BA1 and cranial ganglia and in the presumptive trigeminal ganglion. k–p GSK3α/β are phosphorylated at tyrosines Y216/279 during cranial neural crest cell migration. k Transverse cranial section of e9 mouse showing immunoflourescent staining for Hoechst/DNA (blue), pY-GSK3 (green) and p75NTR (neural crest, red). l Schematic of e8.5 mouse embryo depicting cranial neural crest (CNC) dissection. m Bright-field image of mouse neural crest explant. Two types of cells surround the NP: premigratory neural crest (pNC) cells that are epithelial and migratory neural crest (mNC) scale bar, 250 μm. n Cells migrating away from the pNC begin to express pY-GSK3. pNC to the left. All neural crest express p75NTR (red). Note in merge that perinuclear expression of pY-GSK3 is invariably oriented in direction of migration (o, white arrowheads). p mNC cells express pYGSK3 (green) and p75-NTR (red). n, p scale bars = 25 µM. q Expression of total GSK3 is ubiquitous in pNC and mNC cells. Scale bar = 25 µM. All are representative images from at least three independent experiments Image published in: Gonzalez Malagon SG et al. (2018) © The Author(s) 2018. Creative Commons Attribution license Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue gsk3b.L gsk-3, gsk3, gsk3-beta, gsk3beta, LOC779056, Xgsk-3 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 25 head pharyngeal region otic vesicle migratory neural crest cell gsk3a.L xgsk3 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 25 pharyngeal region central nervous system brain otic vesicle migratory neural crest cell head Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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